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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Is the attribute of speech for Allah (Mighty and Majestic) real speech or mental speech?

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The Shaykh : The third question: The difference between the reality of the speech of Allah and mental speech?
This issue has long been a subject of disagreement among the scholars of the Sunnah ... on one hand, and the scholars of kalam and tawhid on the other. To put it more clearly: the scholars of hadith ... disagreed with the Ash'aris and Maturidis. They were ... at first ... in their era ... between the people of the Sunnah on one hand, and the people of the Mu'tazilah and the Jahmiyyah on the other ... but with time, the Jahmiyyah and the Mu'tazilah ... and they dragged them into ... regarding the divine speech as a real attribute ... for Allah (Mighty and Majestic), as befits His majesty and greatness. So the Jahmiyyah and the Mu'tazilah were able to drag sects of the people of the Sunnah into their belief in this issue, among them the Ash'aris and the Maturidis.
And with great regret, I say it plainly: most of the people of the Sunnah today in creed are Ash'aris and Maturidis; every Hanafi in the branches is a Maturidi in creed, and every Shafi'i in the branches is an Ash'ari in creed, and likewise the Malikis and many sects of the Hanbalis themselves are Ash'aris in creed. The Hanbalis themselves, many of them, especially as time has passed, are Ash'aris in creed. The Hanbalis suffered what the Ash'aris suffered in terms of deviation from following their Imam in creed. There is no great difference between the Imam of the Hanbalis, and I mean Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and the Imam of the Ash'aris, and I mean Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. Imam Ahmad grew up and died upon the Sunnah; this ... meaning that no misguidance or deviation occurred to him in any part of his scholarly life; whether in the branches or the principles, whether in fiqh or in creed. As for the Imam of the Ash'aris, Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, he spent forty years in the Mu'tazilah, then Allah (Mighty and Majestic) guided him to the methodology of the people of the Sunnah, and he authored his famous book titled "Al-Ibanah fi Usul al-Din." He authored this book following the path of the righteous Salaf, and he explicitly named Imam Ahmad among them, saying that his methodology is upon the methodology of Imam Ahmad. So a single calamity befell both groups who follow these two Imams ... Most of the Hanbalis deviated from the path of Imam Ahmad in creed, except those who continued to call to the Book and the Sunnah like the Salafis in all lands of the world, and among them are undoubtedly many Hanbalis, especially the followers of Imam Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, the Imam of Najd. He revived the methodology of Imam Ahmad which the Hanbalis themselves had killed due to their influence by the Mu'tazilah and the Jahmiyyah.
As for the Ash'aris, they are upon the methodology of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari's first one; meaning when he was a Mu'tazili. The book of Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari is printed today in several editions, and it is Salafi, but this is on one side, and his followers who claim affiliation to him are on another side. From that is this secondary issue; the Ash'aris and the Maturidis meet with the Mu'tazilah in one aspect, in the issue of divine speech, and differ from them in another aspect. And they likewise meet with the people of the Sunnah—I mean the Salafis—... also the Ash'aris and the Maturidis meet with these people in one aspect and differ from them in another aspect.
To clarify this generalization, first: the divine speech in reality is what the righteous Salaf, the Companions, and the Tabi'un believe in ... and upon that is a group of the Hanbalis in the present era and before that, but the majority are contrary to that.
The real divine speech is undoubtedly an attribute of the attributes of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), like the attribute of will, the attribute of knowledge, and the attribute of creation. All these attributes are known to us all that they cannot be defined in terms of how, and it is not possible ... We know that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) is described with the attribute of being the Creator, He created everything, but how does He create? No one ... From where do we know that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) is the Creator? We know that first from the texts of the Book and the Sunnah, and second because we go and see the effect of creation. When we see these created things, we know that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) is the one who created them; how did He create them? We do not know; whether how does He know? As one of us learns? He grows up small ... then he forms ...
There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing. لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
[Ash-Shuraa 42:11]
, how does He hear? ... how ... in the language of the Salaf, indeed in ... as said by one of the Imams of the Sunnah, and he is Malik, the Imam of the City of Migration, when it was said to him: O Malik,
The Most Merciful [who is] above the Throne established. الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى
[Taha 20:5]
how did He rise above? He said: "The rising is known—and in speech it means—and the how is unknown, and asking about it is a bid'ah," to the end of the athar.
So now we are in the process of speaking about the divine speech, we say: The speech of Allah in reality is an attribute of His exalted attributes with its effects; what are its effects? Like the heavenly books ... .
Source www.al-albany.com

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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