The Tashahhud and Its Form
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The Shaykh : One recites the tashahhud after the two rak'ahs: the final tashahhud if it is a two-rak'ah prayer, and the first tashahhud if it is a three- or four-rak'ah prayer. The tashahhud is the best of what has been reported in the hadith, and it is agreed upon by the two Shaykhs, al-Bukhari and Muslim. It is the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) Sunan an-Nasa'i 1171Sahih (Darussalam) This is the tashahhud: "The greetings are for Allah." In this phrase, first the right of the Lord is mentioned, then the right of the Messenger, then the right of the self, and then the right of people. What is the reason for this order? In this tashahhud, the right of Allah is mentioned first, then the right of the Messenger, then the right of the self, and then the right of people. How is that? "The greetings are for Allah"—this is the right of Allah.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings." Whose right is this? The right of the Messenger.
The student: And upon us and upon the servants...
The Shaykh : "Peace be upon us" is the right of the self, and "and upon the righteous servants of Allah" is the right of people, is that right? So from this we know that the right of Allah and His Messenger takes precedence over the right of the self, and that the right of Allah takes precedence over the right of the Messenger, the right of the Messenger takes precedence over the right of the self, and the right of the self takes precedence over the right of people. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Likewise, in the funeral prayer, what do we recite in the first takbir? Surat al-Fatihah, for Allah. The second is the prayer upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which is for the Messenger, the right of the Messenger. The third is: "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead," and then you say "O Allah, forgive him" for the deceased. So you begin with the general before the specific, unlike the tashahhud, where we began with the specific before the general, because the specific is for us. But in this case, the specific is for others, for the deceased. Therefore, the right of the general people is placed before the right of the deceased, so we said "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead," and so on.
At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat, as-salamu 'alaika ayyuhan-Nabiyyu wa rahmatAllahi wa baraktuhu. As-salamu 'alaina wa 'ala 'ibad illahis-salihin, ashahdu an la illaha ill-Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu
التحيات لله والصلوات والطيبات السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته السلام علينا وعلى عباد الله الصالحين أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسولهThe student: ...
The Shaykh : "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings." Whose right is this? The right of the Messenger.
The student: And upon us and upon the servants...
The Shaykh : "Peace be upon us" is the right of the self, and "and upon the righteous servants of Allah" is the right of people, is that right? So from this we know that the right of Allah and His Messenger takes precedence over the right of the self, and that the right of Allah takes precedence over the right of the Messenger, the right of the Messenger takes precedence over the right of the self, and the right of the self takes precedence over the right of people. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: