What is the meaning of the disjointed letters found at the beginning of some surahs? And if they have no meaning, how does Allah speak with what its meaning is not known?
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The questioner : Your Eminence, the scholars of exegesis have differed in their opinions regarding the disjointed letters at the beginnings of the surahs. The question is: Do these letters have a meaning, or do they not have a meaning?
And if they do have a meaning, did Allah withhold the knowledge of it, or do the firmly grounded in knowledge know it?
And if they do not have a meaning, a problem may arise for us: How does Allah, Mighty and Majestic, the Wise and All-Knowing, speak with words that have no meaning? Please inform us, may Allah reward you with good.
The Shaykh : The correct view is that these alphabetic letters at the beginning of the surahs have no meaning, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:[Ash-Shu'ara 26:193-195] The Arabic language does not assign any meaning to these letters at all. Rather, these are letters from which people's speech is composed. And our saying that they have no meaning does not mean that they have no benefit! They have a great benefit. Their benefit is that this noble Qur'an, which has baffled you, O Arabs, despite your ability, eloquence, and clarity, did not come with new letters that you know; rather, it is composed of the letters that you know and from which you construct your speech. Evidence for this is that you hardly see a surah beginning with alphabetic letters without the mention of the Qur'an following it. This is the position of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him), who said: "They have a purpose, but they do not have a meaning in themselves". And I found the proof that they have no meaning in themselves from the Qur'an itself: [Ash-Shu'ara 26:195] Based on this, if someone claims that they are letters symbolizing something, we do not accept his statement. Because if we said that they are letters symbolizing something that only Allah knows, then there would be in the Qur'an what only Allah knows. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has undertaken to explain the Qur'an to His servants, saying: [Al-Qiyamah 75:18-19] There is no word or letter in the Qur'an whose meaning is not known by anyone, ever. It must be known. However, knowledge differs: the firmly grounded in knowledge have knowledge, those below them have knowledge, and the common person has knowledge. But for there to be something in the Qur'an that no one among people knows, that is impossible. Rather, it must be known. Yes.
And if they do have a meaning, did Allah withhold the knowledge of it, or do the firmly grounded in knowledge know it?
And if they do not have a meaning, a problem may arise for us: How does Allah, Mighty and Majestic, the Wise and All-Knowing, speak with words that have no meaning? Please inform us, may Allah reward you with good.
The Shaykh : The correct view is that these alphabetic letters at the beginning of the surahs have no meaning, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:
