What are the rules that a student of knowledge should memorize to benefit, for example, in grammar and exegesis?
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The questioner : May Allah reward you. I have heard you mention many times that a student of knowledge should pay attention to rules and guidelines. For example, in grammar or exegesis, what are the rules and guidelines that a person can memorize to benefit from them?
The Shaykh : I will mention two rules in grammar: "The default rule for the subject is that it follows the verb". So you say: "Muhammad ate food." This is the default rule. The exception to the default rule is to place the object before the subject, so you say: "Food was eaten by Muhammad," as Allah the Exalted said: This is a grammatical rule. Did you understand?
"The default rule is that the predicate follows the subject, and it is permissible to place it before, as there is no harm".
As for exegesis, for example, one of the rules is: "The consideration is the generality of the wording, not the specificity of the cause"
So if a verse comes with a general ruling due to a specific cause, the consideration is the generality of the wording.
And among the rules is also: "If a word can be understood in two meanings equally, and there is no contradiction between them, then it is to be understood as both meanings"
Yes, we have a small booklet on the rules of exegesis; if you refer to it, it will be good. As for the rules of grammar, you should refer to Ibn Malik's Alfiyyah.
The Shaykh : I will mention two rules in grammar: "The default rule for the subject is that it follows the verb". So you say: "Muhammad ate food." This is the default rule. The exception to the default rule is to place the object before the subject, so you say: "Food was eaten by Muhammad," as Allah the Exalted said:
And [recall] when Abraham’s Lord tested him with words
وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ"The default rule is that the predicate follows the subject, and it is permissible to place it before, as there is no harm".
As for exegesis, for example, one of the rules is: "The consideration is the generality of the wording, not the specificity of the cause"
So if a verse comes with a general ruling due to a specific cause, the consideration is the generality of the wording.
And among the rules is also: "If a word can be understood in two meanings equally, and there is no contradiction between them, then it is to be understood as both meanings"
Yes, we have a small booklet on the rules of exegesis; if you refer to it, it will be good. As for the rules of grammar, you should refer to Ibn Malik's Alfiyyah.