Addendum to the benefits of the hadith: (So I asked Urwah: What is the reason Aishah completed her prayer while traveling? He said: She interpreted the ruling just as Uthman interpreted it).
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Before we begin, there is a statement by Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding his saying, "She interpreted the ruling just as Uthman interpreted it," which is evidence for the pardon of the one who interprets. The pardon of the one who interprets is established in the fundamentals of religion, the branches of religion, and in everything. The Qur'an indicates this in the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:286] and His saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:286] So every person who interprets and has exerted his effort to reach the truth but was not successful is excused, even in the fundamentals of religion. And indicating this is the story of the man who was extravagant with himself, so he said to his family: If I die, burn me and scatter me in the sea, meaning he feared that Allah the Exalted would punish him. He said: If Allah has power over me, He will punish me with a punishment He does not inflict on anyone in the worlds. So he held this belief, and when his family did that to him, the Lord (Mighty and Majestic) gathered him by His power and then said: What compelled you to this? He said: Your fear, O my Lord. So He forgave him, even though the man was in doubt about the power of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and doubt about the power of Allah is disbelief, but he was one who interpreted.
Likewise, if disbelief passes over the tongue without intention, he is not held accountable for it due to the lack of will. Its evidence is the hadith of repentance: Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His servant than a man who was in a desert with his mount, on which was his food and drink, and he lost it. So he sought it but did not find it, so he lay down under a tree waiting for death. Then his camel came, so he took its bridle and said: O Allah, You are my slave and I am your Lord. And this word, what is it? What? It is disbelief, no doubt. He claimed to be the Lord and claimed that the Lord (Mighty and Majestic) is the slave. And this is describing Allah with deficiency and describing himself with what he does not deserve of lordship. And yet he was not held accountable. Why? Due to the lack of intention. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said:Sahih Muslim 2747a.
Likewise, the one who is coerced, if he is coerced into disbelief, whether the disbelief is verbal or practical, if he does that to repel the coercion, not being at peace with what he was coerced into, then the ruling of that act does not apply to him. This is due to the saying of Allah the Exalted:[An-Nahl 16:106] and the verse is general, general for all types of verbal and practical disbelief. And by this we know the weakness of the hadith: . Indeed, this is weak, and even if it were authentic, it would be from the legislations of those before us, but it is not authentic, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) cited it by way of lesson and admonition. But we say: if a person is coerced into verbal or practical disbelief, there is no sin on him and he does not exit Islam by it. Even if a person coerces him and says: Prostrate to me other than Allah, and he prostrates out of fear of the killing that this coercer carries out, he is not a disbeliever. But here there are three issues: The first issue is that he prostrates being at peace with this prostration, so what is this? It is disbelief, because his heart is at peace with the disbelief, and may Allah protect us from that.
The second, the second issue is that he does it solely to repel the coercion and did not intend the prostration or anything, so he does not become a disbeliever, and the matter in it is clear.
The third is that he prostrates not intending the prostration for this person out of reverence for him or humiliation for him, but because he coerced him. This is a matter of disagreement. It was said that the ruling of disbelief applies to him because he did not intend to repel the coercion, but rather prostrated in compliance with this command. And the correct view is that he does not become a disbeliever, because he did not prostrate for this person out of humiliation or reverence. And for a person to be conscious that he did that to repel the coercion is far-fetched, especially from the common people who do not understand. The result is that this Ummah, and praise be to Allah, Allah has pardoned them when they do something by way of interpretation, and even the previous nations, because Allah the Exalted is more merciful to His servants than a mother is to her child, and because His mercy precedes His anger. Yes. Yes.
Before we begin, there is a statement by Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding his saying, "She interpreted the ruling just as Uthman interpreted it," which is evidence for the pardon of the one who interprets. The pardon of the one who interprets is established in the fundamentals of religion, the branches of religion, and in everything. The Qur'an indicates this in the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity
لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفسًا إِلّا وُسعَهاOur Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no ability to bear
رَبَّنا وَلا تُحَمِّلنا ما لا طاقَةَ لَنا بِهِLikewise, if disbelief passes over the tongue without intention, he is not held accountable for it due to the lack of will. Its evidence is the hadith of repentance: Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His servant than a man who was in a desert with his mount, on which was his food and drink, and he lost it. So he sought it but did not find it, so he lay down under a tree waiting for death. Then his camel came, so he took its bridle and said: O Allah, You are my slave and I am your Lord. And this word, what is it? What? It is disbelief, no doubt. He claimed to be the Lord and claimed that the Lord (Mighty and Majestic) is the slave. And this is describing Allah with deficiency and describing himself with what he does not deserve of lordship. And yet he was not held accountable. Why? Due to the lack of intention. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said:
He commits this mistake out of extreme delight.
أخطأ من شدّة الفرحLikewise, the one who is coerced, if he is coerced into disbelief, whether the disbelief is verbal or practical, if he does that to repel the coercion, not being at peace with what he was coerced into, then the ruling of that act does not apply to him. This is due to the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief... except for one who is forced [to renounce his religion] while his heart is secure in faith. But those who [willingly] open their breasts to disbelief, upon them is wrath from Allah, and for them is a great punishment;
مَن كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِن بَعدِ إيمانِهِ إِلّا مَن أُكرِهَ وَقَلبُهُ مُطمَئِنٌّ بِالإيمانِ وَلكِن مَن شَرَحَ بِالكُفرِ صَدرًا فَعَلَيهِم غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُم عَذابٌ عَظيمٌA man entered the Fire because of a fly, and a man entered Paradise because of a fly.
دخل النار رجل في ذبابة ودخل الجنّة رجل في ذبابةThe second, the second issue is that he does it solely to repel the coercion and did not intend the prostration or anything, so he does not become a disbeliever, and the matter in it is clear.
The third is that he prostrates not intending the prostration for this person out of reverence for him or humiliation for him, but because he coerced him. This is a matter of disagreement. It was said that the ruling of disbelief applies to him because he did not intend to repel the coercion, but rather prostrated in compliance with this command. And the correct view is that he does not become a disbeliever, because he did not prostrate for this person out of humiliation or reverence. And for a person to be conscious that he did that to repel the coercion is far-fetched, especially from the common people who do not understand. The result is that this Ummah, and praise be to Allah, Allah has pardoned them when they do something by way of interpretation, and even the previous nations, because Allah the Exalted is more merciful to His servants than a mother is to her child, and because His mercy precedes His anger. Yes. Yes.