If a man is in a land of disbelief and is unable to proceed to the lands of the Muslims, and there is a ruler, that is, a righteous man, and he pledged allegiance to him regarding the binding and unbinding of affairs, is it permissible?

The questioner : If, O Shaykh, a man is in a land of disbelief and is unable to proceed to the lands of the Muslims, and there is a ruler, that is, a righteous man, and the people of the binding and unbinding of affairs pledged allegiance to him, does he intend to pledge allegiance to him while he is in a land of disbelief?

The Shaykh : Is his residence in the Islamic land or in the land of disbelief?

The questioner : In the land of disbelief.

The Shaykh : No, that does not happen, because there is no authority for the one who was pledged allegiance to over these lands.