The Book of Jumu'ah, the Two Festivals, the Prayer for Rain, the Eclipse Prayer, and Funerals-02a
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The reciter: And Ishaq ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, and Hisham ibn 'Abd al-Malik informed us, and 'Ali ibn al-Harith narrated to us from Iyas ibn Salama ibn al-Akwa' from his father, who said: Sahih Muslim 860b.
The Shaykh : These hadiths indicate that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would hasten to perform the Jumu'ah prayer, even in the intense heat. Accordingly, his statement (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan Abi Dawud 401Sahih (Al-Albani) is specifically regarding the Zuhr prayer, whereas for Jumu'ah, the recommended practice is to hasten.
And his statement, in some wordings of Jabir: Is his statement "when the sun declines" connected to his statement "we rest them"? If so, it indicates that the prayer was before the sun declined. But if his statement "when the sun declines" is connected to "when we pray Jumu'ah," then there is no evidence in that.
Consequently, the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) differed: Is the Jumu'ah prayer permissible before the sun declines, or not?
There are three opinions:
The first opinion is that it is permissible from when the sun rises the height of a spear until the 'Asr prayer, meaning until the time for the 'Asr prayer enters. This is the well-known view of the Hanbali school (may Allah have mercy on them). Thus, the entry of its time is like the entry of the time for the 'Id prayer or the Duha prayer, and its end is until the entry of the time for the 'Asr prayer.
The second opinion is that it is permissible to pray it one hour before the sun declines, based on the hadith of Abu Hurayrah:Sunan an-Nasa'i 1388Sahih (Darussalam) up to the mention of the fifth and sixth hours being the hour of the sun's decline. Thus, it is permissible one hour before the sun declines, and not before that. Some of the followers of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) held this view, and I believe al-Kirakhi was among them.
The third opinion is that it is not permissible except after the sun declines. This is the view of the majority of scholars: that it is not permissible except after the sun declines. Accordingly, it should not be prayed before the sun declines, except if necessity calls for it, in which case it is fine. However, the recommended practice is to hasten with it, even in the intense heat. For this reason, the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would pray Jumu'ah with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when the sun declined, then return and follow the shade due to the intensity of the scorching heat. The closest of the opinions is the middle one: that it is permissible about an hour or so before the sun declines. Nevertheless, the best is not to pray it except after the sun declines. But does the khutbah fall under this, such that it is not permissible except after the time has entered? The answer is yes; the khutbah is a follower of the prayer, according to the differing opinions you have heard.
We used to observe the Friday prayer with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and when we returned we did not find the shadow of the walls in which we could take protection (from the heat of the sun).
كنا نصلي مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الجمعة فنرجع وما نجد للحيطان فيأً نستظل بهThe Shaykh : These hadiths indicate that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would hasten to perform the Jumu'ah prayer, even in the intense heat. Accordingly, his statement (peace and blessings be upon him):
so when the heat is violent, offer (the Zuhr) prayer when it becomes cooler.
إذا اشتد الحر فأبردوا بالصلاةAnd his statement, in some wordings of Jabir:
We rest them when the sun declines, then we go to our camels and rest them. 'Abdullah added: "When the sun declines," meaning: the milk-yielding camels.
نريحها حين تزول الشمس، ثم نذهب إلى جمالنا فنريحها، زاد عبد الله: حين تزول الشمس يعني: النواضحConsequently, the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) differed: Is the Jumu'ah prayer permissible before the sun declines, or not?
There are three opinions:
The first opinion is that it is permissible from when the sun rises the height of a spear until the 'Asr prayer, meaning until the time for the 'Asr prayer enters. This is the well-known view of the Hanbali school (may Allah have mercy on them). Thus, the entry of its time is like the entry of the time for the 'Id prayer or the Duha prayer, and its end is until the entry of the time for the 'Asr prayer.
The second opinion is that it is permissible to pray it one hour before the sun declines, based on the hadith of Abu Hurayrah:
Then the one who comes in the second hour
من راح في الساعة الأولىThe third opinion is that it is not permissible except after the sun declines. This is the view of the majority of scholars: that it is not permissible except after the sun declines. Accordingly, it should not be prayed before the sun declines, except if necessity calls for it, in which case it is fine. However, the recommended practice is to hasten with it, even in the intense heat. For this reason, the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would pray Jumu'ah with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when the sun declined, then return and follow the shade due to the intensity of the scorching heat. The closest of the opinions is the middle one: that it is permissible about an hour or so before the sun declines. Nevertheless, the best is not to pray it except after the sun declines. But does the khutbah fall under this, such that it is not permissible except after the time has entered? The answer is yes; the khutbah is a follower of the prayer, according to the differing opinions you have heard.