The Benefits of the Verse: “And do not give the weak-minded your wealth, which Allah has made a means of sustenance for you, but provide for them and clothe them, and say to them words of kindness.”

Then Allah the Exalted said: Test them, and orphans is the plural of orphan, which is everyone whose father died before he reached maturity, meaning before the child reached maturity or before the father reached maturity? Before the child reached maturity, one whose father died before his maturity, meaning the child’s maturity. And His saying: “until” here is introductory, meaning test them and continue testing them “if” is conditional, and His saying: is also conditional, is the response to the condition, so this is a condition within another condition, which is permissible in the Arabic language, and from this is the saying of the poet:
If you call for our aid, if you seek our help, you will find in us strongholds of honor adorned with generosity.
This is a condition within a condition, and His saying: means you perceived, and from this is His saying, the Exalted: means he perceived, and His saying: righteousness in every place is according to its context, but it gathers all its meanings in one word, which is: good management. This is righteousness; if it is in wealth, it is that a person buys and sells repeatedly and does not cheat except by what is customary... ceasing from what Allah has forbidden. And if it is in managing for others, it is that he is a good guardian, and from this is righteousness in the guardians of marriage, and that he is knowledgeable about suitability and the interests of marriage. So, what is righteousness? In every place, it is according to its context. What is meant here? Righteousness, meaning correct management of their wealth. means give it to them, and His saying: means deliver it to them and do not say: come, take your wealth. You should deliver it to them, and it will come that this guardian has a wage or eats by custom according to what the situation requires.
means their wealth. His saying: may be an absolute object, meaning the greatest extravagance, and extravagance is exceeding the limit, and it is also in every place according to its context. And His saying: means hastening, so it is from the root meaning to hasten in a matter. And His saying: means hastening to their maturity, meaning they hasten their maturity, because when they mature, the guardianship is lifted from them and they become righteous. So perhaps some guardians eat their wealth in a way that is extravagant or in a way that is economical, but they hasten. For this reason, no one says that the two words are synonyms, but we say extravagance is exceeding the limit, so if ten is sufficient for him, he takes fifteen. means that he takes without extravagance but hastens, he hastens to eat before taking possession. Whoever among the guardians is rich and does not need the orphan’s wealth, let him refrain, meaning let him abstain from eating. The lam in His saying: is for command, and the second is for permissibility. I say the lam in His saying: is for command, and in His saying: is for permissibility, because the first is required to refrain, and the second is permitted to eat. If someone asks: What took the lam in His saying: out of command? We say: Because it followed the prohibition, which is His saying: and command after prohibition is to lift the prohibition, meaning either for permissibility according to the saying of some scholars, or to lift the prohibition. And here, if the prohibition is lifted, it is permissible. means let him eat by custom, meaning by what is customary, so he does not eat like the rich, but he eats like his peers. An example of this: if he is poor and says, I will eat like the rich because I am his guardian, we say it is not permissible, eat by custom, and custom is what is customary. And it is known that the eating of the poor is not like the eating of the rich. He said: And when do we deliver their wealth to them? When they reach maturity and righteousness. means bear witness that you delivered it. from sufficiency, meaning He, Exalted and Majestic, is sufficient for everyone. And the ba in His saying: is extra for the beauty of the expression, and the original is “and Allah is sufficient as a Reckoner” and the Reckoner means the Watcher who accounts. So this verse, as you have seen, Allah concluded with this phrase as a warning to the guardians of orphans not to dare to eat their wealth extravagantly and hastily before they mature.