Explanation of the Rule: When a specific general text and a preserved general text conflict, the preserved general text takes precedence, with examples provided.
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The Shaykh : We have the statement of the Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding a preserved general text from which nothing has been specified. From this, we benefit by knowing that the preserved general text takes precedence over the non-preserved general text. What is the preserved general text? The preserved general text is one that has not been specified by anything. The non-preserved general text is one in which some of its instances have been specified, thereby excluding them from the generality. This is a beneficial rule.
We will mention another example, different from the one the author mentioned here, which is the prohibition of prayer after the Fajr prayer and after the 'Asr prayer, meaning the five well-known times of prohibition. The prohibition in these times is general, but it is specified by matters upon which there is consensus. Thus, the makeup of obligatory prayers is performed in these times of prohibition. So, this is a specification. Likewise, the two rak'ahs of tawaf are prayed if one performs tawaf in these times. Likewise, the congregational prayer is repeated in these times. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw two men who had missed the Fajr prayer, so he asked them, and they said, "We prayed with our camels." He said, "If you prayed with your camels and then came to the mosque to pray with the congregation, then it is a voluntary prayer for you." This was during a time of prohibition. It becomes clear that the hadiths prohibiting prayer in the prohibited times are general but specified. The hadiths commanding prayer when its cause exists are preserved and contain no specification. For example, the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)Sahih al-Bukhari 1167 This is general for any time one enters; one does not sit until one prays two rak'ahs. Was there a specification for this generality? The answer is that no specification was found except for the entry of the imam on Friday. It is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that one does not pray two rak'ahs. However, one might say that the khutbah is a condition of the prayer, so it is attached to it. In any case, the beneficial rule is this: the specified general text is a weak general text, and the preserved general text is a strong general text, so the strong is preferred over the weak. Indeed, some usul scholars said that if a general text is specified, its indication of generality falls away entirely. They said, "Because its specification broke the wall of generality, so it became flawed, and its generality remains not intended because it was specified." But the correct view is that if a general text is specified, it remains general in what was not specified. Yes.
The reader: "So likewise the dhimmi, because He, the Exalted, said,"
We will mention another example, different from the one the author mentioned here, which is the prohibition of prayer after the Fajr prayer and after the 'Asr prayer, meaning the five well-known times of prohibition. The prohibition in these times is general, but it is specified by matters upon which there is consensus. Thus, the makeup of obligatory prayers is performed in these times of prohibition. So, this is a specification. Likewise, the two rak'ahs of tawaf are prayed if one performs tawaf in these times. Likewise, the congregational prayer is repeated in these times. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw two men who had missed the Fajr prayer, so he asked them, and they said, "We prayed with our camels." He said, "If you prayed with your camels and then came to the mosque to pray with the congregation, then it is a voluntary prayer for you." This was during a time of prohibition. It becomes clear that the hadiths prohibiting prayer in the prohibited times are general but specified. The hadiths commanding prayer when its cause exists are preserved and contain no specification. For example, the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)
If anyone of you enters a Mosque, he should not sit until he has offered a tworak` at prayer.
إذا دخل أحدكم المسجد فلا يجلس حتى يصلي ركعتينThe reader: "So likewise the dhimmi, because He, the Exalted, said,"
