Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And we likened these two to it, and twenty and its category were annexed, and the people (al-ahluuna)."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : He said: "And we likened these two". "Likened these two" means that which resembles them in being a proper noun or an attribute, subject to the conditions we mentioned.
"And twenty and its category were annexed" means that twenty and its category were annexed to this plural. What is its category? Thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, and ninety. This is annexed to the sound masculine plural because it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute. So if you say: "Twenty men came to me," the parsing is: "came" is a past tense verb, the noon is for protection, the noon is the object, and "twenty" is the subject, raised by the waw in place of the dammah because it is annexed to the sound masculine plural. It is annexed to the sound masculine plural, and in reality, it is annexed from several angles.
First: that it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute.
Second: that its singular does not indicate its singular. For example: "Ashr" (ten) does not indicate "Ishrun" (twenty). "Ishrun" does not indicate the singular of "Ashr." Because if you said "Ashr" is the singular of "Ishrun," then you said "Ishrun," how much is that? It is less than thirty. It is less than thirty. Because if you pluralize ten or more, or less, what is the plural of? Three. You would have ten and ten and ten, and that is not the case.
Then, although it is not a plural of ten, it differs from ten because ten has an open 'ayn and a silent shīn, while twenty has a kasrah on the 'ayn and a silent shīn. So it is annexed to the sound masculine plural. And if you wish, say: because it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute, and I am content with this. And its category was annexed. "Al-ahluuna" (the people). Is "al-ahluuna" annexed to the sound masculine plural?
The student: It is annexed.
The Shaykh : Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Fath 48:11] with the waw, like this. Good. And He the Mighty and Majestic said: "The hypocrites thought, what? They will never return to their people forever." I forgot the verse. "To their people forever."
The student:.
The Shaykh : Yes [Al-Fath 48:12] So the first one [Al-Fath 48:11] with the waw because it is the subject with the yā because it is in the genitive case due to "ila" (to). Good. "Ahl" (people) is annexed to the sound masculine plural. What condition is lacking in it?
The student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper noun nor an attribute. Therefore, we say: it is annexed to the sound masculine plural.
"And twenty and its category were annexed" means that twenty and its category were annexed to this plural. What is its category? Thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, and ninety. This is annexed to the sound masculine plural because it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute. So if you say: "Twenty men came to me," the parsing is: "came" is a past tense verb, the noon is for protection, the noon is the object, and "twenty" is the subject, raised by the waw in place of the dammah because it is annexed to the sound masculine plural. It is annexed to the sound masculine plural, and in reality, it is annexed from several angles.
First: that it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute.
Second: that its singular does not indicate its singular. For example: "Ashr" (ten) does not indicate "Ishrun" (twenty). "Ishrun" does not indicate the singular of "Ashr." Because if you said "Ashr" is the singular of "Ishrun," then you said "Ishrun," how much is that? It is less than thirty. It is less than thirty. Because if you pluralize ten or more, or less, what is the plural of? Three. You would have ten and ten and ten, and that is not the case.
Then, although it is not a plural of ten, it differs from ten because ten has an open 'ayn and a silent shīn, while twenty has a kasrah on the 'ayn and a silent shīn. So it is annexed to the sound masculine plural. And if you wish, say: because it is neither a proper noun nor an attribute, and I am content with this. And its category was annexed. "Al-ahluuna" (the people). Is "al-ahluuna" annexed to the sound masculine plural?
The student: It is annexed.
The Shaykh : Allah the Exalted said:
Our properties and our families occupied us
شغلتنا أموالنا وأهلوناThe student:
But you thought
بل ظننتمThe Shaykh :
But you thought
بل ظننتمBut you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ever
بَلْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ لَنْ يَنْقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَدًاOur properties and our families occupied us
شغلتنا أموالنا وأهلوناTo their families
وإلى أهليهمThe student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper noun nor an attribute. Therefore, we say: it is annexed to the sound masculine plural.