Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Mubtada' is Zayd, and 'a'adhir is khabar *** If you say 'Zayd is a'adhir' of one who apologized."
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The Shaykh : Here, he provided an example, saying:
"Mubtada' is Zayd, and 'a'adhir is khabar *** If you say 'Zayd is a'adhir' of one who apologized":
If you say: "Zayd is a'adhir of one who apologized," then "Zayd" is the mubtada', raised by the mubtada' marker, and its sign of elevation is a visible dammah at its end. "A'adhir" is the khabar of the mubtada', raised by the mubtada', and its sign of elevation is a visible dammah at its end. In it is a fa'il: a hidden pronoun estimated to be "he." "Man" is a relative pronoun acting as the object of the verb. "I'thara" is the relative clause of the relative pronoun. Thus, the author (may Allah have mercy on him) seemed to have dispensed with the definition by mentioning the example. Now, we will investigate a fiqh issue: Is Zayd to be praised for excusing the one who apologized?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : No, he is not to be praised in all cases, nor is he to be blamed in all cases; there is a distinction: If the one to whom the apology was made presented a valid excuse, then his excusing him is praiseworthy. If he presented an invalid excuse, then it is not praiseworthy. Now, what is the mubtada'? "Every noun that is raised and free from verbal factors". Therefore, it is raised by a conceptual matter, which is the mubtada'. The khabar will come in the words of the author (may Allah have mercy on him).
"Mubtada' is Zayd, and 'a'adhir is khabar *** If you say 'Zayd is a'adhir' of one who apologized":
If you say: "Zayd is a'adhir of one who apologized," then "Zayd" is the mubtada', raised by the mubtada' marker, and its sign of elevation is a visible dammah at its end. "A'adhir" is the khabar of the mubtada', raised by the mubtada', and its sign of elevation is a visible dammah at its end. In it is a fa'il: a hidden pronoun estimated to be "he." "Man" is a relative pronoun acting as the object of the verb. "I'thara" is the relative clause of the relative pronoun. Thus, the author (may Allah have mercy on him) seemed to have dispensed with the definition by mentioning the example. Now, we will investigate a fiqh issue: Is Zayd to be praised for excusing the one who apologized?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : No, he is not to be praised in all cases, nor is he to be blamed in all cases; there is a distinction: If the one to whom the apology was made presented a valid excuse, then his excusing him is praiseworthy. If he presented an invalid excuse, then it is not praiseworthy. Now, what is the mubtada'? "Every noun that is raised and free from verbal factors". Therefore, it is raised by a conceptual matter, which is the mubtada'. The khabar will come in the words of the author (may Allah have mercy on him).