The discussion regarding the subject (mubtada').

The Shaykh : And upon his family and all his Companions. You say "Zayd is standing" and you say "Zayd stood up." How do you parse "Zayd is standing"? How do you parse "Zayd"?
The student: Zayd is the subject (mubtada'), and "standing" is the predicate (khabar).

The Shaykh : And how do you parse "Zayd" in "Zayd stood up"?
The student: In "Zayd stood up," Zayd is the doer (fa'il).

The Shaykh : Why did you parse the first Zayd as the doer and the second Zayd as the subject, even though both are in the nominative case?
The student: Because the first Zayd, what is its name? It was free from verbal factors like verbs.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: As for the second, it is preceded by a verbal factor, which is the verb.

The Shaykh : Well done, perfect. May Allah bless you. The two Zayds are standing, O Bandar, parse it.
The student: The two Zayds: subject (mubtada'), in the nominative case due to being the subject, and its sign of nominative is the alif because it is dual.

The Shaykh : The alif is a substitute.
The student: A substitute for the dammah because it is dual.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And "standing" (qayman).

The Shaykh : And the *nun*.
The student: And the nun is a replacement for the tanwin in the singular noun, and "standing" (qayman).

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Predicate (khabar), in the nominative case due to the subject.

The Shaykh : Predicate of what? Predicate of what thing?
The student: Predicate of the two Zayds, predicate of the subject.

The Shaykh : The *khabar* of the *mubtada'*.
The student: In the nominative case due to the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And its sign of nominative is the alif as a substitute for the dammah because it is dual, and the nun is a replacement for the tanwin in the singular noun.

The Shaykh : Correct.
The student: Yes.

The Shaykh : Okay, the three Zayds are standing, yes.
The student: The three Zayds: subject (mubtada'), in the nominative case, and its sign of nominative is...

The Shaykh : In the nominative case by what?
The student: In the nominative case due to being the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And its sign of nominative is the waw as a replacement...

The Shaykh : The waw is a substitute.
The student: The waw is a substitute for the dammah.

The Shaykh : Yes, because...
The student: Because it is a sound masculine plural.

The Shaykh : Yes, and the nun of the three Zayds...
The student: And the noon.

The Shaykh : Is a replacement...
The student: A replacement for the tanwin.

The Shaykh : In the singular noun.
The student: In the singular noun.

The Shaykh : Okay, "standing" (qaymun).
The student: "Standing" (qaymun): predicate (khabar), in the nominative case.

The Shaykh : Predicate of what?
The student: Predicate of the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: In the nominative case due to being the subject.

The Shaykh : No.
The student: In the nominative case due to the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And its sign of nominative is the waw as a substitute for the dammah.

The Shaykh : And the *nun*.
The student: And the nun is a substitute for the tanwin.

The Shaykh : No, how? A substitute for the tanwin?
The student: A replacement for the tanwin.

The Shaykh : A replacement for the tanwin in the singular noun.
The student: A replacement for the tanwin in the singular noun.

The Shaykh : Okay, may Allah bless you. Your brother Zayd exerted himself, Khalid.
The student: Zayd: subject (mubtada'), in the nominative case due to being the subject, and its sign of nominative is the visible dammah on its end. Your brother, "brother": predicate (khabar), in the nominative case, and its sign...

The Shaykh : In the nominative case by what?
The student: Due to the subject.

The Shaykh : Due to the subject.
The student: ...

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Built on the fathah in the position of nominative.

The Shaykh : Built on the fathah in the position of nominative? Yes, built on the fathah in the position of nominative.
The student: Built on the fathah, built on the fathah.

The Shaykh : The fathah is correct, "your brother."
The student: ... in the position of genitive.

The Shaykh : In the position of genitive because it is the object of addition. Okay, I am standing.
The student: I: subject (mubtada').

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: In the nominative case due to being the subject.

The Shaykh : What do you say? In the nominative case? Because a built word is not said to be in the nominative, genitive, or accusative case.
The student: ... and it is built on...

The Shaykh : "I" is a separate pronoun, subject (mubtada'). "I" is a separate pronoun, subject (mubtada').
The student: Subject (mubtada') built on...

The Shaykh : Sukun in the position of...
The student: Nominative.

The Shaykh : Okay, "standing."
The student: "Standing" is the predicate of the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: In the nominative case due to the subject, and its sign of nominative is the visible dammah on it.

The Shaykh : Okay, is the subject now a pronoun or an apparent noun?
The student: This is a pronoun.

The Shaykh : A pronoun. May Allah guide you. Parse "We are standing."
The student: We: subject (mubtada') and "standing" (qaymun).

The Shaykh : Complete it. Subject (mubtada') of what?
The student: We is a pronoun... in the nominative case, built on the dammah in the position of nominative.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Subject (mubtada') and... because it is free from verbal factors.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "Standing" (qaymun) is the form of the sound feminine plural.

The Shaykh : Plural of what?
The student: Plural of the masculine, sound masculine plural, in the nominative case due to being the subject, in the nominative case due to the subject, and its sign of nominative is the waw, and the nun is a replacement for the tanwin.

The Shaykh : The waw is a substitute for what?
The student: For the damm.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: For the nominative case.

The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: For the nominative case.

The Shaykh : How is the waw a substitute for the nominative case?
The student: Yes, that is right.

The Shaykh : It is in the nominative case now, how is it a substitute for the nominative case?
The student: Because the dammah comes as a substitute.

The Shaykh : So, a substitute for what?
The student: For the nominative case, for the dammah. Correct, it is in the nominative case as a substitute for... correct, for the dammah, and the nun is a replacement...

The Shaykh : Why for the dammah? Why? Because it is one of the five nouns.
The student: Because it is a sound masculine plural.

The Shaykh : Yes, and the nun...
The student: And the nun is a replacement for the tanwin.

The Shaykh : In the singular noun. Okay, come on, Amin, you are standing.
The student: You is a separate pronoun, built on the nominative case in the position of nominative.

The Shaykh : You, all of it?
The student: "You" (an): a separate pronoun, built on the sukun in the position of nominative, subject (mubtada').

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And the taa is for the addressee.

The Shaykh : What?
The student: For the person being addressed.

The Shaykh : The taa, yes.
The student: "Standing" is the predicate of the subject, in the nominative case by the dammah.

The Shaykh : Complete
The student: In the nominative case by the visible dammah on its end.

The Shaykh : In the nominative case by what?
The student: "Standing."

The Shaykh : Yes, in the nominative case by what?
The student: With a *dammah*.

The Shaykh : No, my brother, I mean what caused its nominative case?
The student: Its nominative case is due to being the subject.

The Shaykh : No.
The student: Predicate of the subject.

The Shaykh : In the nominative case by what?
The student: By the attribution to the subject.

The Shaykh : Yes, by the subject.
The student: Yes

The Shaykh : Okay, in the nominative case due to the subject, and its sign of nominative is...
The student: The visible damma on its end.

The Shaykh : Perfect, yes. The man says to the woman, "You are standing."