Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the first is a subject, and the second *** is an agent that sufficed in 'asarin than'."
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The Shaykh : Then he said: "And the first is a subject, and the second *** is an agent that sufficed in 'asarin than'":
This is the meaning of his statement in the *Kafiyyah*: "Or a description that was sufficed by an apparent nominative". The first is a subject, and the second: an agent that sufficed. Sufficed from what? It sufficed from the predicate. In 'asarin than': meaning in your saying: "asarin than," and not "dani"?
The student: Than.
The Shaykh : Than, because it is a demonstrative pronoun. Good, we parse 'asarin: the hamzah in 'asarin is for interrogation, and sar: is a subject, and it is an active participle. Than: we do not say it is the predicate of the subject, we say: Than is the agent of sar, the agent of sar is built on the alif in the position of nominative, because it is a dual demonstrative pronoun. Good, and where is the predicate? Where is the predicate?
The student: The agent filled its place.
The Shaykh : The agent filled the place of the predicate, or if you wish, say: the agent sufficed from the predicate. The agent, which is than, sufficed from the predicate. Good, similar to it: "Aqim al-rijal" (Are the two men standing?), or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : "Aqim al-rijal" is correct?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : Ahmad, as if it did not enter his heart? Is it like it? "Aqim al-rijal", like: "Asarin than"? Interrogation? Qa'im: active participle, al-rijal: agent, so it equals: "Asarin than." Good, "Mudrib al-rijal" (Are the two men struck?), is it like it?
The student: No.
Another student: Yes.
The Shaykh : It is known that mudrib is a passive participle, it is not an active participle, but mudrib, the passive participle, functions like the active participle, and on this basis it is like it. And therefore we said: the *Kafiyyah* is better in this place than the *Khalasah* which is the *Alfiyyah*, because he said: "Or a description that was sufficed by an apparent nominative", and the word "description" includes the active participle and the passive participle, if it was sufficed by its nominative. Good, so: "Mudrib al-rijal" is like the saying of Ibn Malik: "Asarin than," and it differs from it only in that sar is an active participle, and mudrib is a passive participle, but the reality is one, or the meaning is one. So if you say: "Mudrib al-rijal," its parsing is: the hamzah is for interrogation, and mudrib: is a subject, and al-rijal: is a substitute for the agent that sufficed from the predicate. Did you understand? Good, if someone said: "Mudriban al-rijalayn" (Are the two men struck [accusative]), one person speaking says: "Mudriban al-rijalayn," what do you say?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : A mistake?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why? Because the subject must be in the nominative case, and this is what we told you now. We are in composition, we entered into compound sentences which are the fruit of grammar. If he said: "Mudriban al-rijalayn," we said: it is wrong. You have now made a grammatical error in the subject and predicate. If he said: "Mudriban al-rijal," we said: you erred in one thing and hit the mark in one thing. Al-rijal: correct, substitute for the agent. Mudriban is wrong, because it is a subject, and the subject must be in the nominative case. Good, he said: "Welcome, I will raise the subject for you," "Mudriban al-rijalayn"!
The student: Wrong.
The Shaykh : "Mudrib"!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "Mudrib al-rijalayn"!
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : He hit the mark in the first and erred in the second. The first, its raising as a subject is correct, but "rijalayn" is wrong, because the substitute for the agent must be in the nominative case. So the correct form is: "Mudrib al-rijal." And the conclusion now is: the subject has a predicate, and the subject may be a description, so it is sufficed by what?
The student: By the nominative.
The Shaykh : By its nominative from the predicate. Good. He says: "And the first is a subject, and the second *** is an agent that sufficed in 'asarin than'".
This is the meaning of his statement in the *Kafiyyah*: "Or a description that was sufficed by an apparent nominative". The first is a subject, and the second: an agent that sufficed. Sufficed from what? It sufficed from the predicate. In 'asarin than': meaning in your saying: "asarin than," and not "dani"?
The student: Than.
The Shaykh : Than, because it is a demonstrative pronoun. Good, we parse 'asarin: the hamzah in 'asarin is for interrogation, and sar: is a subject, and it is an active participle. Than: we do not say it is the predicate of the subject, we say: Than is the agent of sar, the agent of sar is built on the alif in the position of nominative, because it is a dual demonstrative pronoun. Good, and where is the predicate? Where is the predicate?
The student: The agent filled its place.
The Shaykh : The agent filled the place of the predicate, or if you wish, say: the agent sufficed from the predicate. The agent, which is than, sufficed from the predicate. Good, similar to it: "Aqim al-rijal" (Are the two men standing?), or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : "Aqim al-rijal" is correct?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : Ahmad, as if it did not enter his heart? Is it like it? "Aqim al-rijal", like: "Asarin than"? Interrogation? Qa'im: active participle, al-rijal: agent, so it equals: "Asarin than." Good, "Mudrib al-rijal" (Are the two men struck?), is it like it?
The student: No.
Another student: Yes.
The Shaykh : It is known that mudrib is a passive participle, it is not an active participle, but mudrib, the passive participle, functions like the active participle, and on this basis it is like it. And therefore we said: the *Kafiyyah* is better in this place than the *Khalasah* which is the *Alfiyyah*, because he said: "Or a description that was sufficed by an apparent nominative", and the word "description" includes the active participle and the passive participle, if it was sufficed by its nominative. Good, so: "Mudrib al-rijal" is like the saying of Ibn Malik: "Asarin than," and it differs from it only in that sar is an active participle, and mudrib is a passive participle, but the reality is one, or the meaning is one. So if you say: "Mudrib al-rijal," its parsing is: the hamzah is for interrogation, and mudrib: is a subject, and al-rijal: is a substitute for the agent that sufficed from the predicate. Did you understand? Good, if someone said: "Mudriban al-rijalayn" (Are the two men struck [accusative]), one person speaking says: "Mudriban al-rijalayn," what do you say?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : A mistake?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why? Because the subject must be in the nominative case, and this is what we told you now. We are in composition, we entered into compound sentences which are the fruit of grammar. If he said: "Mudriban al-rijalayn," we said: it is wrong. You have now made a grammatical error in the subject and predicate. If he said: "Mudriban al-rijal," we said: you erred in one thing and hit the mark in one thing. Al-rijal: correct, substitute for the agent. Mudriban is wrong, because it is a subject, and the subject must be in the nominative case. Good, he said: "Welcome, I will raise the subject for you," "Mudriban al-rijalayn"!
The student: Wrong.
The Shaykh : "Mudrib"!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "Mudrib al-rijalayn"!
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : He hit the mark in the first and erred in the second. The first, its raising as a subject is correct, but "rijalayn" is wrong, because the substitute for the agent must be in the nominative case. So the correct form is: "Mudrib al-rijal." And the conclusion now is: the subject has a predicate, and the subject may be a description, so it is sufficed by what?
The student: By the nominative.
The Shaykh : By its nominative from the predicate. Good. He says: "And the first is a subject, and the second *** is an agent that sufficed in 'asarin than'".