Explanation of the saying of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And after a verb comes the doer, if it appears *** then it is so, otherwise a hidden pronoun is concealed."
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The Shaykh :"And after a verb comes the doer, if it appears *** then it is so, otherwise a hidden pronoun is concealed"
This means: its meaning is that every verb must have a doer. As for the grammatical analysis of the verse, we have not analyzed the first verse. The first verse says: "The doer is that which came as a raised noun". "The doer" is the subject, and "that which" is its predicate. "As a raised noun came" is a prepositional phrase, which is the relative clause attached to the relative pronoun, connected to an omitted word, estimated to be: "that which was." And his saying:
"That which came as a raised noun *** Zayd, whose face is bright, what a fine young man"
All of it is in the genitive case due to the preposition "ka" (as). Yes.
"That which came as a raised noun *** Zayd" No, it is in the genitive case due to the possessive relationship, the possessive relationship of "raised noun" to it, because the intended meaning is an example, so it is in the position of a singular noun. He said: "And after a verb comes a doer". "After" is a predicate placed before, and "doer" is a subject placed after. "If it appears, then it is so" meaning: then it is the doer and it has become clear. "Otherwise" meaning: otherwise it does not appear. "then a hidden pronoun is concealed" meaning: then it is a hidden pronoun. So, every verb must have a doer, but it is not considered a doer technically unless it occurs after the verb. So you say: "Zayd stood up?" Zayd is the doer. "Is Zayd standing?" Zayd is not the doer, but it is the subject, and in "standing" there is a hidden pronoun referring back to Zayd. But every verb must have a doer. This is the meaning of his saying: "And after a verb comes a doer". It is also derived from this phrase that the doer does not precede, that the doer does not precede the verb. So do not say: "The two Zayds stood up," considering that "the two Zayds" is the doer and that "stood up" is a verb placed after, because it is not possible for it to precede. And you say in[Al-Inshiqaq 84:1] the sky: it is the doer of an omitted verb, and do not make it the doer of "split," because the doer must be after the verb. And the Kufis said: it is permissible for the doer to precede the verb, so you say: "Zayd stood up." Zayd is a doer placed before, and "stood up" is a past tense verb with no grammatical position, and its doer?
The student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Zayd, the one placed before. And this is undoubtedly easier, and what the Basrans adopted is more established, closer to the rules. But if asked from the perspective of order, which is earlier, the verb or the doer?
The student: The one who performs it.
The Shaykh : The doer, because the verb is a description that stands with it, or an action that it performs, so it is earlier, but that is not considered. "And after a verb comes a doer, if it appears *** then it is so". "If it appears" is a conditional clause, and the "fa" (then) is a connector for what?
The student: For the answer.
The Shaykh : For the answer, and it is the subject, and the predicate is omitted, and the estimation is: then it is the doer. "Otherwise" meaning: otherwise it does not appear. "then a hidden pronoun is concealed" meaning: then the doer is a hidden pronoun, meaning: it is hidden. An example of that is if you say: "The man stood up." Here we do not find an apparent doer before us. We say: "Stood up" is a past tense verb, and the doer is hidden permissibly, and its estimation is?
The student: He.
The Shaykh : He.
This means: its meaning is that every verb must have a doer. As for the grammatical analysis of the verse, we have not analyzed the first verse. The first verse says: "The doer is that which came as a raised noun". "The doer" is the subject, and "that which" is its predicate. "As a raised noun came" is a prepositional phrase, which is the relative clause attached to the relative pronoun, connected to an omitted word, estimated to be: "that which was." And his saying:
"That which came as a raised noun *** Zayd, whose face is bright, what a fine young man"
All of it is in the genitive case due to the preposition "ka" (as). Yes.
"That which came as a raised noun *** Zayd" No, it is in the genitive case due to the possessive relationship, the possessive relationship of "raised noun" to it, because the intended meaning is an example, so it is in the position of a singular noun. He said: "And after a verb comes a doer". "After" is a predicate placed before, and "doer" is a subject placed after. "If it appears, then it is so" meaning: then it is the doer and it has become clear. "Otherwise" meaning: otherwise it does not appear. "then a hidden pronoun is concealed" meaning: then it is a hidden pronoun. So, every verb must have a doer, but it is not considered a doer technically unless it occurs after the verb. So you say: "Zayd stood up?" Zayd is the doer. "Is Zayd standing?" Zayd is not the doer, but it is the subject, and in "standing" there is a hidden pronoun referring back to Zayd. But every verb must have a doer. This is the meaning of his saying: "And after a verb comes a doer". It is also derived from this phrase that the doer does not precede, that the doer does not precede the verb. So do not say: "The two Zayds stood up," considering that "the two Zayds" is the doer and that "stood up" is a verb placed after, because it is not possible for it to precede. And you say in
When the sky has split [open]
إذا السّماء انشقتThe student: Zayd.
The Shaykh : Zayd, the one placed before. And this is undoubtedly easier, and what the Basrans adopted is more established, closer to the rules. But if asked from the perspective of order, which is earlier, the verb or the doer?
The student: The one who performs it.
The Shaykh : The doer, because the verb is a description that stands with it, or an action that it performs, so it is earlier, but that is not considered. "And after a verb comes a doer, if it appears *** then it is so". "If it appears" is a conditional clause, and the "fa" (then) is a connector for what?
The student: For the answer.
The Shaykh : For the answer, and it is the subject, and the predicate is omitted, and the estimation is: then it is the doer. "Otherwise" meaning: otherwise it does not appear. "then a hidden pronoun is concealed" meaning: then the doer is a hidden pronoun, meaning: it is hidden. An example of that is if you say: "The man stood up." Here we do not find an apparent doer before us. We say: "Stood up" is a past tense verb, and the doer is hidden permissibly, and its estimation is?
The student: He.
The Shaykh : He.