Discussion of what was previously taken from the chapter on *kana* and its sisters.

The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment.
From what has preceded in Ibn Malik's words, it becomes clear to us that *kana* and its sisters are divided into categories: a category in which nothing is required, a category in which the prior occurrence of negation or something resembling it is required, and a category in which the prior occurrence of the adverbial *ma* is required. So what is it that requires the prior occurrence of negation or something resembling it? Khalid.
The student: *Zala*, *infaka*, *bariha*, and *fata'a*.

The Shaykh : Four. Good. And what is it that requires the prior occurrence of the adverbial *ma*?
The student: *Dama*.

The Shaykh : It is *dama*. And what is it in which nothing is required?
The student: The rest.

The Shaykh : Count them
The student: *Amsa*, *asbaha*, *adhha*, *zala*, *bata*, *kana*, and *sara*.

The Shaykh : And *sara*. How many are they?
The student: Seven.

The Shaykh : Seven. Look: *kana*, *zala*, *bata*, *adhha*, *asbaha*, *amsa*
The student: ...

The Shaykh : And *sara*. And it is not eight.
Good. What is meant by "something resembling negation," 'Abdullah?
The student: It is prohibition.

The Shaykh : Prohibition. What is its example?
The student: ...

The Shaykh : Yes
The student:

The Shaykh :, Yes, yes, what is this? This, this is not a supplication.
The student: Prohibition.

The Shaykh : And not prohibition.
The student: ...

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Do not cease standing.

The Shaykh : Do not cease.
The student: Standing.

The Shaykh : Standing. And the poet said:
"Cry out, Shamr, and do not cease remembering death, for its forgetting is clear misguidance.
Cry out, Shamr, and do not cease remembering death, for its forgetting is clear misguidance."
Good. If someone were to ask, how is the answer to His saying, the Exalted: ? Zaki.
The student: Its meaning would be, O Shaykh: By Allah, you do not cease remembering Yusuf.

The Shaykh : Where? There is no negation in it, there is no negation.
The student: It is implied.

The Shaykh : The negation particle is omitted.
The student: It is implied.

The Shaykh : Good. Do you know the conditions for the permissibility of omitting the negation particle?
The student: Yes.

The Shaykh : What is it?
The student: That the negation particle is *la*.

The Shaykh : This is one.
The student: And that the verb it enters is a present-tense verb.

The Shaykh : And that the verb is a present-tense verb.
The student: That *taku* is preceded by an oath. That there is an oath before it.

The Shaykh : That there is an oath before it. We take this from the verse: By Allah is the oath, and *tafta'* is a present-tense verb, and what is omitted is *la*. *La tafta'* remember Yusuf. And there is a verse of poetry
The student: ...

The Shaykh : And its beginning is: And indeed, Sami
The student: And a negator is omitted

The Shaykh : What?
The student: And a negat...

The Shaykh : And a negat... what?
The student: A negator.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: For three matters.

The Shaykh : No.
The student: For three conditions.

The Shaykh : What?
The student: For conditions.

The Shaykh : No.
The student: "And a negator is omitted with three conditions *** If *la* is after the present-tense verb in an oath"

The Shaykh : After the present-tense verb.
The student: Before the present-tense verb.

The Shaykh : Yes, before the present-tense verb in an oath. Good. We want an example of *ma dama*. An example of *ma dama* from the Qur'an.
The student: His saying, the Exalted, in Surat Maryam:

The Shaykh : As long as you are alive. Good. What is its grammatical analysis?
The student: *Ma* is an adverbial *ma*, and *dama* is a copula verb...

The Shaykh : And it is past tense.
The student: Past tense, and the *ta*

The Shaykh : Is built.
The student: And the *ta*

The Shaykh : The verb is built.
The student: Yes, it is built.

The Shaykh : By analogy to what?
The student: It is built on sukun (stillness) because it is connected to the *ta*.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And the *ta* is a connected pronoun of nominative case, built on dammah (vowel) in the position of the nominative case for the name of *dama*.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: *Hayya* is the news (predicate) of *dama*, in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah (vowel) on its end.

The Shaykh : Yes
The student: And *ma* and *ma* and *ma* entered upon it in the position of... the interpretation of a verbal noun, its estimation being the duration of my staying alive.

The Shaykh : The duration of my staying alive, okay, and this is called a verbal noun of time (adverbial).
Then the author (may Allah have mercy on him) said, we begin a new lesson:
"And other than the past, like it, have both been used"
*Ghayr*: Subject, and it is added to *ma'di* (past).
And *mithl*: Object placed before the verb *'amila*.
And *qad*: For realization.
And *'amila*: Past-tense verb, and the *alif* is for generality, and the subject is hidden by permissibility, estimated to be "he." And the sentence of the verb and the subject is the predicate of the subject, which is *ghayr*.
"If other than the past of it was used"
*In*: Conditional.
And *kana*: Verb of the condition.
And *ghayr*: Name of *kana*, and it is added to *ma'di* (past).
And *minhu*: Preposition and its object, connected to *istamala*, or to a hidden state from *ghayr al-ma'di* and *istamala*.