Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "For in, that, may, but, perhaps *** like, the opposite of what was of action."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"For in, that, may, but, perhaps *** like, the opposite of what was of action"
How many letters are these? Six. The grammatical analysis of the verse:
"For in": preposition and its object in the genitive. "For in": preposition and its object in the genitive. Glory be to Allah! "In" has a preposition entered upon it, and the entry of a preposition upon a word indicates that it is a noun, whereas "in" is a particle. How is that? We say that the intended meaning is the word itself, as if the author said "for this word," for this word. Therefore, a preposition was entered upon "in" even though it is a particle, because the intended meaning is its word form.
"That": "that" is conjoined to "in," but the conjunction particle is omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "May" is likewise conjoined to what? To "in," with the conjunction particle omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "But" is likewise conjoined to "in," with the conjunction particle omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "Perhaps" is like it, and "like" is like it.
"Opposite": subject. And where is its predicate? The prepositional phrase that precedes it is the predicate. "Opposite of what was of action" means opposite of what was, opposite of what was of the action.
"And was": the lam is a preposition and "was" is a noun in the genitive. How is it a noun in the genitive when "was" is a past tense verb? The intended meaning is the word itself, so "was" is a noun in the genitive by the lam, and the sign of its genitive is a kasrah estimated on its end, the recitation preventing its appearance. Good.
"Opposite of what was of action" If "was" raises the subject and lowers the predicate, then "in" and its sisters lower the subject and raise the predicate.
And praise be to Allah, who made it easy for us scholars who followed the Arabic language, studied it, and extracted these letters that perform this function; otherwise, the Arabic language would have been lost. And we say likewise regarding "was" that Allah made it easy, and praise be to Allah, scholars who preserved the integrity of Arabic. And now, who knows? Now, if these books had not been compiled, who knows that "in" lowers and raises? We do not know. But the scholars, may Allah reward them with good, followed until they restricted the matters. For example:
How many letters are these? Six. The grammatical analysis of the verse:
"For in": preposition and its object in the genitive. "For in": preposition and its object in the genitive. Glory be to Allah! "In" has a preposition entered upon it, and the entry of a preposition upon a word indicates that it is a noun, whereas "in" is a particle. How is that? We say that the intended meaning is the word itself, as if the author said "for this word," for this word. Therefore, a preposition was entered upon "in" even though it is a particle, because the intended meaning is its word form.
"That": "that" is conjoined to "in," but the conjunction particle is omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "May" is likewise conjoined to what? To "in," with the conjunction particle omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "But" is likewise conjoined to "in," with the conjunction particle omitted for the sake of poetic necessity. "Perhaps" is like it, and "like" is like it.
"Opposite": subject. And where is its predicate? The prepositional phrase that precedes it is the predicate. "Opposite of what was of action" means opposite of what was, opposite of what was of the action.
"And was": the lam is a preposition and "was" is a noun in the genitive. How is it a noun in the genitive when "was" is a past tense verb? The intended meaning is the word itself, so "was" is a noun in the genitive by the lam, and the sign of its genitive is a kasrah estimated on its end, the recitation preventing its appearance. Good.
"Opposite of what was of action" If "was" raises the subject and lowers the predicate, then "in" and its sisters lower the subject and raise the predicate.
And praise be to Allah, who made it easy for us scholars who followed the Arabic language, studied it, and extracted these letters that perform this function; otherwise, the Arabic language would have been lost. And we say likewise regarding "was" that Allah made it easy, and praise be to Allah, scholars who preserved the integrity of Arabic. And now, who knows? Now, if these books had not been compiled, who knows that "in" lowers and raises? We do not know. But the scholars, may Allah reward them with good, followed until they restricted the matters. For example: