Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And may it be followed by it with qad, just as this *** Indeed, he has risen above the enemies, dominating."
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The Shaykh :"And may it be followed by it with qad" It may be followed by it, the subject, yes. First, this qad is for diminution. The rule is: "That qad, when it enters upon the past tense, is for confirmation, and when it enters upon the present tense, it is for diminution, though confirmation may also be intended by it", such as His saying, the Exalted: [An-Nur 24:64] And such as His saying, the Exalted: [Al-Ahzab 33:18]
Now, and it may be followed by the subject and the transitive past tense verb.
The student: Praise be to Allah.
The Shaykh : May Allah have mercy on you.
That is, this lam may be followed by the transitive past tense verb with qad. And on this basis, in his saying: "it is followed by it", there is a hidden pronoun referring back to "what is like razi", in his saying: "what is like razi"
"with qad, just as this *** Indeed, he has risen above the enemies, dominating" The grammatical analysis.
"Just as this": The kaf is a preposition, and "and this, indeed, he has risen above the enemies, dominating" is in the genitive case due to the kaf, considering what? Considering the word form.
As for the grammatical analysis of this example: -May Allah have mercy on you- we say:
In: A past tense verb. In: A particle of emphasis that puts the subject in the accusative case and the predicate in the nominative case.
And this: Its name is built on sukun in the position of the accusative case because it is a demonstrative pronoun.
"Indeed, he has risen": The lam is for emphasis, qad is for confirmation, "sama" (risen) is a past tense verb, and it is a transitive past tense verb, but it is permissible for the lam to enter upon it because qad was placed between it and the lam, and the subject of "sama" is hidden by permission, its estimation being "he."
"Above the enemies": A preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to "sama."
And "dominating": A state (hal) of the subject of "sama," and "mustahwidhan" (dominating) means control.
And the result is that Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is impermissible for the lam of emphasis to enter upon the predicate of "in" if it is negated; that is one case. The second is if it is a transitive past tense verb that is not accompanied by qad, because he said: "And may it be followed by it with qad"
Then he clarified the places where this lam enters, after mentioning that it accompanies the predicate, he mentioned that it may accompany others.
Already He knows that upon which you [stand]
قد يعلم ما أنتم عليهAlready Allah knows the hinderers
قد يعلم الله المعوقينNow, and it may be followed by the subject and the transitive past tense verb.
The student: Praise be to Allah.
The Shaykh : May Allah have mercy on you.
That is, this lam may be followed by the transitive past tense verb with qad. And on this basis, in his saying: "it is followed by it", there is a hidden pronoun referring back to "what is like razi", in his saying: "what is like razi"
"with qad, just as this *** Indeed, he has risen above the enemies, dominating" The grammatical analysis.
"Just as this": The kaf is a preposition, and "and this, indeed, he has risen above the enemies, dominating" is in the genitive case due to the kaf, considering what? Considering the word form.
As for the grammatical analysis of this example: -May Allah have mercy on you- we say:
In: A past tense verb. In: A particle of emphasis that puts the subject in the accusative case and the predicate in the nominative case.
And this: Its name is built on sukun in the position of the accusative case because it is a demonstrative pronoun.
"Indeed, he has risen": The lam is for emphasis, qad is for confirmation, "sama" (risen) is a past tense verb, and it is a transitive past tense verb, but it is permissible for the lam to enter upon it because qad was placed between it and the lam, and the subject of "sama" is hidden by permission, its estimation being "he."
"Above the enemies": A preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to "sama."
And "dominating": A state (hal) of the subject of "sama," and "mustahwidhan" (dominating) means control.
And the result is that Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is impermissible for the lam of emphasis to enter upon the predicate of "in" if it is negated; that is one case. The second is if it is a transitive past tense verb that is not accompanied by qad, because he said: "And may it be followed by it with qad"
Then he clarified the places where this lam enters, after mentioning that it accompanies the predicate, he mentioned that it may accompany others.