Continuation of the explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And break or blend the fa of a triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened *** and add a dammah to the ja' as in bu' (was sold), for it was accepted."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : The second is pure dammah, and the third is ishamm, meaning: between pure dammah and pure kasrah. However, he (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated by his saying: "it was accepted" that the third is weak, but it was accepted because it occurs in the Arabic language. Regarding the grammar: he said "break": imperative verb, or "blend": imperative verb, or for choice. "Blend": imperative verb. "Fa": the object of "blend" or "break"? Here "break" and "blend" are in conflict. When there is a conflict, the grammarians differed on whether the second operator is the one that directly acts, or the first one because it precedes, on two opinions. Ibn Malik said:
"And the second is preferred by the people of Basra *** and others chose the opposite, which he concealed"
And his saying: "fa of a triliteral": "fa" is the possessive, and "triliteral" is the possessed. "Strengthened": past tense verb built for the absence of a named subject, and the substitute for the subject is hidden. "And 'ayn": this is the second object of "strengthened," and its original form is "he strengthened its 'ayn." "And dammah came": "dammah" is the subject, and "ja'" is the sentence that is its predicate. "As in bu'": preposition and its object. "And it was accepted": coordinated with "dammah came." "It was accepted" means: that it was permitted. Shall we take an example? Give us a triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened with a waw?
The student: Bu'?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Bu'?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Qal.
The Shaykh : Qal, he said: "Qal" is a triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened with a waw, because the original of "Qal" is "Qwal," as evidenced by the present tense "yaqul" with a waw, so the original of "Qal" is "Qwal." If we want to build it for the absence of a named subject, we say, according to the previous rule: "Quwil," because the past tense has its first letter with dammah and the letter before the last with kasrah, so we say "Quwil." But this is considered heavy because the appearance of vowel marks on the waw is heavy. So what do we do? We move the movement of the waw, which is kasrah, to the letter before it, so it becomes "Qiwal." This is also considered heavy, for the waw to come after kasrah. So, convert the waw to a ya and say: "Qil." I do not think a Bedouin Arab under a tree knows how this conjugation works! If you told him to solve this word with this conjugation, he would say: "Go away! I only know 'Qil' instead of 'Qal.'" But the grammarians want to apply words to known rules to train the student. Otherwise, it is known that no one can say "Quwil" or "Qiwal," but rather says "Qil," with great ease. This is kasrah; we broke its first letter with pure kasrah. The second option? What is it? Ishamm: that you bring a movement between kasrah and dammah. Who will blend? Come on, Nasser.
The student: Qil.
The Shaykh : Huh? Qi?
The student: Qil.
The Shaykh : Okay, in ishamm you give two-thirds to the kasrah and one-third to the dammah in common. The kasrah is the original, so give it the two-thirds to please it. Come on, Nasser?
The student: Qil
The Shaykh : And Qil?! Hehehe
The student: Qil
The Shaykh : Huh? The third one?
The student: Qiwal.
The Shaykh : In reality, if we had one of the reciters who are accustomed to perfect tajwid, he might know how to pronounce it.
The student: Here is Shaykh Abdullah.
The Shaykh : Who?
The student: Shaykh Abdullah.
The Shaykh : Abdullah who?
The student: Abdullah ibn Abbas.
The Shaykh : Where is Abdullah ibn Abbas?
The student: Abdullah ibn Abbas is there.
The Shaykh : Where is it?
The student: The one wearing a white shemagh.
The Shaykh : This one? Come on?
The student: And Qil ya.
The Shaykh : Qi?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In any case, I tell you about our Shaykh Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'di that he used to teach us in this chapter, and none of us knew it, neither we nor he! Because it is very, very difficult. But perhaps the Arabs who are accustomed to this dialect find it easy. For this reason, now we are here in the Kingdom, in some regions, they speak in a dialect that we cannot speak, and it is easy for them, right? This is a known thing. For example, "sif" meaning "how" is difficult for some people. "Sif," what is it? Is it a sin, or a kaf, or what?
The student: Is it ishamm?
The Shaykh : Ishamm is a letter, not a movement! In any case, ishamm is difficult, and even Khalid now says.
The student: Shaykh, it is that the lips appear with the dammah but you do not pronounce it.
The Shaykh : Okay, say it.
The student: Like he said Qil.
The Shaykh : Say it.
The student: You extend the lips.
The Shaykh : No, no, it is easier, but Qil, because two letters, the nun is shaddah, meaning it is easy to blend the first letter of it, but this is difficult. In any case, we teach you, but as for application, if it is easy, do it, otherwise leave it. The third option: dammah, pure dammah. So we say in "Qil" we say "Quwal," and we say in "Bay'" we say "Bu'." Okay, "Bay'" is a ya-verb, "ba'a" is a ya-verb, so why was it a waw? Because it came after a dammah that is necessary, since this dammah is what distinguishes the construction for the subject from the construction for the absence of a named subject. So the dammah is necessary, and only the waw suits it. For this reason, we say: "Bu'" and we do not say: "Buyi'a." We do not say it this way because the dammah of its first letter is necessary, and only the waw follows the dammah, so we say: "Bu'." So in "Bu'" now there are three languages: "Bay'" and the second?
The student: Buyi'.
The Shaykh : Ishamm, and the third?
The student: Bu'.
The Shaykh : Pure dammah Bu', right, three languages. Qil is like it. Qil is ishamm, Quwal, and his saying: "and dammah came" where did it come from? From the Arabs. And from it is the saying of the poet:
"If only, and does 'if only' benefit anything? If only *** If only youth was sold, so I bought it"
Meaning: that "if only" does not benefit. And so, like the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih Muslim 2664 Look, a pre-Islamic poet knows that wishing does not benefit. And in the common proverb among us, "Wishing is the capital of the bankrupt" what does it mean? The bankrupt who has nothing, his capital is wishing. Okay, the important thing is that the poet says:
"If only, and does 'if only' benefit anything? If only *** If only youth was sold, so I bought it"
And the famous language?
The student: Bi'.
The Shaykh : Bi' so I bought it. So the fact that the poet deviated from Bi' to Bu' even though the meter of the verse does not differ, indicates that this is a language. For this reason, he said "dammah came" as in Bu', but this language is weak considering the standard language. The summary of the verse is that it is permissible in the triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened, how many?
The student: Three options.
The Shaykh : Three options: the first: pure kasrah, which is the most common, and the second: ishamm, and the third: pure dammah, which is rare.
"And the second is preferred by the people of Basra *** and others chose the opposite, which he concealed"
And his saying: "fa of a triliteral": "fa" is the possessive, and "triliteral" is the possessed. "Strengthened": past tense verb built for the absence of a named subject, and the substitute for the subject is hidden. "And 'ayn": this is the second object of "strengthened," and its original form is "he strengthened its 'ayn." "And dammah came": "dammah" is the subject, and "ja'" is the sentence that is its predicate. "As in bu'": preposition and its object. "And it was accepted": coordinated with "dammah came." "It was accepted" means: that it was permitted. Shall we take an example? Give us a triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened with a waw?
The student: Bu'?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Bu'?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: Qal.
The Shaykh : Qal, he said: "Qal" is a triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened with a waw, because the original of "Qal" is "Qwal," as evidenced by the present tense "yaqul" with a waw, so the original of "Qal" is "Qwal." If we want to build it for the absence of a named subject, we say, according to the previous rule: "Quwil," because the past tense has its first letter with dammah and the letter before the last with kasrah, so we say "Quwil." But this is considered heavy because the appearance of vowel marks on the waw is heavy. So what do we do? We move the movement of the waw, which is kasrah, to the letter before it, so it becomes "Qiwal." This is also considered heavy, for the waw to come after kasrah. So, convert the waw to a ya and say: "Qil." I do not think a Bedouin Arab under a tree knows how this conjugation works! If you told him to solve this word with this conjugation, he would say: "Go away! I only know 'Qil' instead of 'Qal.'" But the grammarians want to apply words to known rules to train the student. Otherwise, it is known that no one can say "Quwil" or "Qiwal," but rather says "Qil," with great ease. This is kasrah; we broke its first letter with pure kasrah. The second option? What is it? Ishamm: that you bring a movement between kasrah and dammah. Who will blend? Come on, Nasser.
The student: Qil.
The Shaykh : Huh? Qi?
The student: Qil.
The Shaykh : Okay, in ishamm you give two-thirds to the kasrah and one-third to the dammah in common. The kasrah is the original, so give it the two-thirds to please it. Come on, Nasser?
The student: Qil
The Shaykh : And Qil?! Hehehe
The student: Qil
The Shaykh : Huh? The third one?
The student: Qiwal.
The Shaykh : In reality, if we had one of the reciters who are accustomed to perfect tajwid, he might know how to pronounce it.
The student: Here is Shaykh Abdullah.
The Shaykh : Who?
The student: Shaykh Abdullah.
The Shaykh : Abdullah who?
The student: Abdullah ibn Abbas.
The Shaykh : Where is Abdullah ibn Abbas?
The student: Abdullah ibn Abbas is there.
The Shaykh : Where is it?
The student: The one wearing a white shemagh.
The Shaykh : This one? Come on?
The student: And Qil ya.
The Shaykh : Qi?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In any case, I tell you about our Shaykh Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'di that he used to teach us in this chapter, and none of us knew it, neither we nor he! Because it is very, very difficult. But perhaps the Arabs who are accustomed to this dialect find it easy. For this reason, now we are here in the Kingdom, in some regions, they speak in a dialect that we cannot speak, and it is easy for them, right? This is a known thing. For example, "sif" meaning "how" is difficult for some people. "Sif," what is it? Is it a sin, or a kaf, or what?
The student: Is it ishamm?
The Shaykh : Ishamm is a letter, not a movement! In any case, ishamm is difficult, and even Khalid now says.
The student: Shaykh, it is that the lips appear with the dammah but you do not pronounce it.
The Shaykh : Okay, say it.
The student: Like he said Qil.
The Shaykh : Say it.
The student:
Do not be safe
لا تأمنّاThe Shaykh : No, no,
Be safe
تأمنّاDo not be safe
لا تأمنّاThe student: Buyi'.
The Shaykh : Ishamm, and the third?
The student: Bu'.
The Shaykh : Pure dammah Bu', right, three languages. Qil is like it. Qil is ishamm, Quwal, and his saying: "and dammah came" where did it come from? From the Arabs. And from it is the saying of the poet:
"If only, and does 'if only' benefit anything? If only *** If only youth was sold, so I bought it"
Meaning: that "if only" does not benefit. And so, like the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him):
don't say: If I had not done that, it would not have happened so and so, but say: Allah did that what He had ordained to do and your" if" opens the (gate) for the Satan.
فلا تقل لو فإن لو تفتح عمل الشيطان"If only, and does 'if only' benefit anything? If only *** If only youth was sold, so I bought it"
And the famous language?
The student: Bi'.
The Shaykh : Bi' so I bought it. So the fact that the poet deviated from Bi' to Bu' even though the meter of the verse does not differ, indicates that this is a language. For this reason, he said "dammah came" as in Bu', but this language is weak considering the standard language. The summary of the verse is that it is permissible in the triliteral verb whose 'ayn is strengthened, how many?
The student: Three options.
The Shaykh : Three options: the first: pure kasrah, which is the most common, and the second: ishamm, and the third: pure dammah, which is rare.