Continuation of the explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Wa-aksir aw ishamm fa thalathi a'la *** 'ayna wa-dhamm ja ka-bu' fa-htamal."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : So we have been with the author (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding how to formulate the verb when it is constructed for the passive voice, and we have previously discussed many aspects of this. Then he said: "Wa-aksir aw ishamm". He paused for a moment so that Sami could join us.
"Wa-aksir aw ishamm fa thalathi a'la *** 'ayna wa-dhamm ja"
These are three options regarding a triliteral verb whose middle root letter is a weak letter. The meaning of "a'la al-'ayn" (having a weak middle letter) is that its middle letter is a letter of weakness. The middle letter is the second letter of the verb's structure, because the grammarians, or rather the morphologists, have agreed to use fa'ala as the standard pattern, so the fa' is the fa', the 'ayn is the 'ayn, and the lam is the lam. He (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If the verb is triliteral and its middle letter is a letter of weakness, then there are three options: the first option is kasrah (breaking), the second option is ishamm (nasalization), and the third option is pure dhammah (rounding). That is: pure kasrah, second: pure dhammah, and third: ishamm, which is between pure dhammah and pure kasrah. However, he (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated by his word "fa-htamal" (it was tolerated) that the third option is weak, but it was tolerated because it occurs in the Arabic language. Regarding the grammatical analysis: He said "aksir" (break): it is an imperative verb. "Aw ishamm" (or nasalize): "aw" is for choice, and "ishamm" is an imperative verb. "Fa": is it the object of "ishamm" or "aksir"? Here, "aksir" and "ishamm" are in a state of competition for the object. When there is competition, the grammarians differed on whether the effective verb is the second one because it is direct, or the first one because it precedes, on two opinions. Ibn Malik said:
"Wa-l-thani awwla 'inda ahl al-Basrah *** wa-ikhtara 'akhsa ghayruhuma dha asrah"
And his word "fa thalathi" (fa triliteral): "fa" is a possessive noun, and "thalathi" is the possessed noun. "A'la": it is a past tense verb constructed for the passive voice, and the agent is hidden. "Wa-'ayna" (and the middle letter): this is the second object of "a'la," and its original form is "a'allata 'aynahu" (he made its middle letter weak). "Wa-dhamm ja" (and dhammah came): "dhamm" is the subject, and "ja" (came) is the predicate of the sentence. "Ka-bu'" (like bu'): it is a preposition and its object. "Fa-htamal" (and it was tolerated): it is conjoined to "dhamm ja," and "htamal" means that it was permitted.
"Wa-aksir aw ishamm fa thalathi a'la *** 'ayna wa-dhamm ja"
These are three options regarding a triliteral verb whose middle root letter is a weak letter. The meaning of "a'la al-'ayn" (having a weak middle letter) is that its middle letter is a letter of weakness. The middle letter is the second letter of the verb's structure, because the grammarians, or rather the morphologists, have agreed to use fa'ala as the standard pattern, so the fa' is the fa', the 'ayn is the 'ayn, and the lam is the lam. He (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If the verb is triliteral and its middle letter is a letter of weakness, then there are three options: the first option is kasrah (breaking), the second option is ishamm (nasalization), and the third option is pure dhammah (rounding). That is: pure kasrah, second: pure dhammah, and third: ishamm, which is between pure dhammah and pure kasrah. However, he (may Allah have mercy on him) indicated by his word "fa-htamal" (it was tolerated) that the third option is weak, but it was tolerated because it occurs in the Arabic language. Regarding the grammatical analysis: He said "aksir" (break): it is an imperative verb. "Aw ishamm" (or nasalize): "aw" is for choice, and "ishamm" is an imperative verb. "Fa": is it the object of "ishamm" or "aksir"? Here, "aksir" and "ishamm" are in a state of competition for the object. When there is competition, the grammarians differed on whether the effective verb is the second one because it is direct, or the first one because it precedes, on two opinions. Ibn Malik said:
"Wa-l-thani awwla 'inda ahl al-Basrah *** wa-ikhtara 'akhsa ghayruhuma dha asrah"
And his word "fa thalathi" (fa triliteral): "fa" is a possessive noun, and "thalathi" is the possessed noun. "A'la": it is a past tense verb constructed for the passive voice, and the agent is hidden. "Wa-'ayna" (and the middle letter): this is the second object of "a'la," and its original form is "a'allata 'aynahu" (he made its middle letter weak). "Wa-dhamm ja" (and dhammah came): "dhamm" is the subject, and "ja" (came) is the predicate of the sentence. "Ka-bu'" (like bu'): it is a preposition and its object. "Fa-htamal" (and it was tolerated): it is conjoined to "dhamm ja," and "htamal" means that it was permitted.