Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And do not come with a hidden pronoun for other than nominative or omitted with the first that has been omitted."
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The Shaykh :"And do not come with a hidden pronoun for other than nominative or omitted with the first that has been omitted
Rather, you must omit it if it is not the predicate, and postpone it if it is the predicate"
This means: If the pronoun is not the subject, nor the substitute for the subject, then do not bring it with the first verb if you have left it uninflected; rather, omit it, unless it is the predicate. An example of this is: "I honored and I struck Zayd" versus "I honored and I struck Zayd." Which one is the governing verb?
The student: Struck.
The Shaykh : In "I honored and I struck Zayd," the governing verb is "struck," and the first is left uninflected, so it is not permissible for you to say: "I honored him and I struck Zayd," because this pronoun is not originally the subject and predicate; rather, the pronoun is the object, which is an extra in the sentence. Therefore, it must be omitted when we inflect the second verb. However, if you inflect the first and say "I honored and I struck Zayd" while intending to inflect the first, then here you bring the object pronoun, and you say: "I honored him and I struck Zayd." Now, what about "I knew of it and I passed by Zayd"?
The student: This is not correct.
The Shaykh : This is not correct, because it is not permissible to come with the pronoun with the first verb if you inflect the second. However, if you say: "I knew and I passed by him, Zayd," then this is permissible, because if you inflect the first, you omit in the second. The summary of the matter now is that if the pronoun is the main element, which is the subject, and what else?
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : And the substitute for the subject, then it is obligatory to bring it, whether you inflect the first or you inflect the second. And the example?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The example mentioned by Ibn Malik:
"Like: 'They are good and your two sons are bad, and your two slaves have rebelled and transgressed'"
And if the pronoun is an extra, then if you inflect the second, do not bring it in the first; and if you inflect the first, bring it in the second. This is the rule. And for this reason he said:
"And do not come with a hidden pronoun—meaning a pronoun—for other than nominative or omitted with the first that has been omitted"
Grammatical analysis of the verse: "La" is a prohibitive particle, and "taj'aa" is a present tense verb in the jussive case due to the prohibitive "la," and the subject is hidden and obligatory, estimated as "you." "With the first" Here, "ma'a" is in the sukun state contrary to the most eloquent usage, for the sake of the meter's correctness. "Qad ahmala" means: it was not inflected. The discussion now is in the chapter of mutual contention (tana'uz). "Ahmala" is a past tense verb built for the passive because its subject was not named, and the substitute for the subject is hidden, estimated as "it." "Bi mudmar" is a preposition and its object, connected to "taj'aa." "Li ghayr raf'" is a preposition and its object, connected to a hidden attribute for the hidden pronoun. "Aw ahmala" is also a sentence that is an attribute for "raf'." "Li ghayr raf' aw ahmala" is permissible to be connected to "ahmala," and the sentence "ahmala" becomes an attribute for the hidden pronoun, and the meaning is: for a hidden pronoun that was omitted for other than nominative.
Rather, you must omit it if it is not the predicate, and postpone it if it is the predicate"
This means: If the pronoun is not the subject, nor the substitute for the subject, then do not bring it with the first verb if you have left it uninflected; rather, omit it, unless it is the predicate. An example of this is: "I honored and I struck Zayd" versus "I honored and I struck Zayd." Which one is the governing verb?
The student: Struck.
The Shaykh : In "I honored and I struck Zayd," the governing verb is "struck," and the first is left uninflected, so it is not permissible for you to say: "I honored him and I struck Zayd," because this pronoun is not originally the subject and predicate; rather, the pronoun is the object, which is an extra in the sentence. Therefore, it must be omitted when we inflect the second verb. However, if you inflect the first and say "I honored and I struck Zayd" while intending to inflect the first, then here you bring the object pronoun, and you say: "I honored him and I struck Zayd." Now, what about "I knew of it and I passed by Zayd"?
The student: This is not correct.
The Shaykh : This is not correct, because it is not permissible to come with the pronoun with the first verb if you inflect the second. However, if you say: "I knew and I passed by him, Zayd," then this is permissible, because if you inflect the first, you omit in the second. The summary of the matter now is that if the pronoun is the main element, which is the subject, and what else?
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : And the substitute for the subject, then it is obligatory to bring it, whether you inflect the first or you inflect the second. And the example?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : The example mentioned by Ibn Malik:
"Like: 'They are good and your two sons are bad, and your two slaves have rebelled and transgressed'"
And if the pronoun is an extra, then if you inflect the second, do not bring it in the first; and if you inflect the first, bring it in the second. This is the rule. And for this reason he said:
"And do not come with a hidden pronoun—meaning a pronoun—for other than nominative or omitted with the first that has been omitted"
Grammatical analysis of the verse: "La" is a prohibitive particle, and "taj'aa" is a present tense verb in the jussive case due to the prohibitive "la," and the subject is hidden and obligatory, estimated as "you." "With the first" Here, "ma'a" is in the sukun state contrary to the most eloquent usage, for the sake of the meter's correctness. "Qad ahmala" means: it was not inflected. The discussion now is in the chapter of mutual contention (tana'uz). "Ahmala" is a past tense verb built for the passive because its subject was not named, and the substitute for the subject is hidden, estimated as "it." "Bi mudmar" is a preposition and its object, connected to "taj'aa." "Li ghayr raf'" is a preposition and its object, connected to a hidden attribute for the hidden pronoun. "Aw ahmala" is also a sentence that is an attribute for "raf'." "Li ghayr raf' aw ahmala" is permissible to be connected to "ahmala," and the sentence "ahmala" becomes an attribute for the hidden pronoun, and the meaning is: for a hidden pronoun that was omitted for other than nominative.