Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And here, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request *** And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Except that he made an exception and said:
"And here, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request":
This is what is excepted, "and here, prevent": meaning, in the chapter of the adjective, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request. The sentence that serves as the adjective does not come as a sentence of request; rather, it comes as a declarative sentence. That is, it does not come as an imperative verb, it does not come with the negative particle "la," it does not come with a question particle. And we have learned, while studying rhetoric, what is the sentence of request and what is the declarative sentence. So the author says here: It is not possible for a sentence to be an adjective if it is a sentence of request, and it comes as a declarative sentence?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Where do we take from that it comes as a declarative sentence? From his saying: "and here, prevent", here.
"the occurrence of the sentence of request".
Let us look at the examples now: Zayd, I honored him, correct?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Correct, Zayd is the subject, and "I honored him" is the predicate sentence, it is valid, yes.
Zayd, do not humiliate him?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : Correct, and this sentence here is declarative. I passed by a man, hit him?
The student: No, this is not valid.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request, and we want it to be an adjective now. I passed by a man, hit him: it is not valid, because "ba" is a preposition, and "man" is a noun made genitive by "ba," and "hit" is an imperative verb which does not serve as an adjective. The sentence of request does not serve as an adjective. Did you understand, everyone? And it serves as?
The student: A predicate.
The Shaykh : A predicate. I passed by a man, do not break his heart, okay?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not valid?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request. I passed by a man, did you see him in the market?!
The student: It is not valid.
The Shaykh : It is not valid, why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request. Okay, what is our answer to the poet's saying? He had hosted a group of people. He hosted them during the day, and the people were stingy, so they said: We will not offer him hospitality during the day where he can see it, so that the enemies might mock us. We will leave him until the night becomes dark, and we will give him poor hospitality so that he does not see it. But this guest was a calamity among calamities. They did that. When the night became dark, they brought him milk that was half water. So he said:
"Until when the darkness descended and mixed *** They brought a cup, have you ever seen the wolf?" !!
Yes, "they brought a cup": "ba" is a preposition, "cup" is a noun made genitive by "ba," "hal" is a question particle, "have you ever seen the wolf": "seen" is a verb and its subject, "the wolf" is the object, and "ever" is an adverb built on dammah in the position of accusative. The sentence "have you ever seen the wolf": he wants it to be an attribute for the cup. Who is the one who saw the wolf?
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Did you see it?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what is its color, gray?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : He is saying: They brought mixed milk, gray like the color of the wolf. I think the gray milk is three-quarters water, or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, this one says: "they brought a cup, have you ever seen the wolf": so this cup, its color is the color of the wolf, you understood!?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, now the poet wants the sentence to be an attribute for this cup, an attribute for it. So how is the answer to Ibn Malik's saying: "and here, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request"?
We say: The answer is from the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him). He said:
"And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark":
If the sentence of request comes as an attribute, then imply the statement, imply the statement. So you say in the verse: They brought a cup in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf," in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf." And the attribute here is the implied, omitted one, which is: "in which it is said." And it is a noun. "In which it is said": a noun. They brought a cup in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf." And "have you ever seen the wolf": it is valid to be the statement of the implied speech, it is valid to be the statement of the implied speech. Okay, if I say: I passed by a man, hit him, okay, do we imply the statement?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, "in which it is said, hit him," "in which it is said, hit him," because he, Ibn Malik, says: Whenever you see a sentence of request occurring as an adjective for an indefinite noun, yes, then imply the statement in it.
"If it comes, then imply the statement":
But it is understood from his saying (may Allah have mercy on him): "If it comes": that you do not bring it. But if it is heard from the pure Arabs, then you imply the statement in it. As for you coming in the fifteenth century, and spouting broken nonsense, and bringing an attribute for an indefinite noun, okay, with a sentence of request, and saying: Ibn Malik says: "And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark" !!
And I brought it for you, so imply the statement in it, what do you say? I say: I do not accept your speech, I do not accept it because you are not a pure Arab. If one says to another: O so-and-so, I saw so-and-so, have you seen the lion?!
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: We say: This is not valid.
The Shaykh : What is this?
The student: We say this is not valid.
The Shaykh : Yes, we say: This is not valid. Okay, I say: I saw so-and-so, have you seen the lion. The meaning is: so-and-so, in which it is said: have you seen the lion. Because Ibn Malik says:
"If it comes, then imply the statement" !!
We say: But you came after Ibn Malik, yes, you came after Ibn Malik. And Ibn Malik, if he had brought it himself, we would have considered it an error, we would not have accepted it. We do not accept it to come except from the pure Arabs. And even then, if it comes, we interpret it, so we imply the statement:
"And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark".
We understood the rule from his words now. The first rule: "Nothing is an adjective except a derived word, or something interpreted as a derived word". The reason?
The student: Because a subject is mentioned in it.
The Shaykh : Because the attribute indicates the quality and the one possessing it, and the essence, so it must be a derived word. Okay: "And be an adjective with a derived word", clear.
And the second rule from the second verse: "The sentence occurs as an adjective for an indefinite noun, and it is given the ruling of the sentence occurring as a predicate, except that here it does not come as a sentence of request. And if it comes, it is obligatory to imply the statement, so that it becomes an adjective, and the sentence becomes the statement of the omitted speech". Yes, yes, and Allah knows best.
The student: ... the attribute?
The Shaykh : Which of them?
The student: It returns to ...
The Shaykh : No, how? Now, meaning, if we imply it?! Yes, it becomes ambiguous.
The student: Shaykh, making up the missed regular prayers!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Making up the missed regular prayers?!
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: How to make up the missed regular prayers?
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
"And here, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request":
This is what is excepted, "and here, prevent": meaning, in the chapter of the adjective, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request. The sentence that serves as the adjective does not come as a sentence of request; rather, it comes as a declarative sentence. That is, it does not come as an imperative verb, it does not come with the negative particle "la," it does not come with a question particle. And we have learned, while studying rhetoric, what is the sentence of request and what is the declarative sentence. So the author says here: It is not possible for a sentence to be an adjective if it is a sentence of request, and it comes as a declarative sentence?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Where do we take from that it comes as a declarative sentence? From his saying: "and here, prevent", here.
"the occurrence of the sentence of request".
Let us look at the examples now: Zayd, I honored him, correct?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Correct, Zayd is the subject, and "I honored him" is the predicate sentence, it is valid, yes.
Zayd, do not humiliate him?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : Correct, and this sentence here is declarative. I passed by a man, hit him?
The student: No, this is not valid.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request, and we want it to be an adjective now. I passed by a man, hit him: it is not valid, because "ba" is a preposition, and "man" is a noun made genitive by "ba," and "hit" is an imperative verb which does not serve as an adjective. The sentence of request does not serve as an adjective. Did you understand, everyone? And it serves as?
The student: A predicate.
The Shaykh : A predicate. I passed by a man, do not break his heart, okay?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not valid?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request. I passed by a man, did you see him in the market?!
The student: It is not valid.
The Shaykh : It is not valid, why?
The student: Because it is a sentence of request.
The Shaykh : Because it is a sentence of request. Okay, what is our answer to the poet's saying? He had hosted a group of people. He hosted them during the day, and the people were stingy, so they said: We will not offer him hospitality during the day where he can see it, so that the enemies might mock us. We will leave him until the night becomes dark, and we will give him poor hospitality so that he does not see it. But this guest was a calamity among calamities. They did that. When the night became dark, they brought him milk that was half water. So he said:
"Until when the darkness descended and mixed *** They brought a cup, have you ever seen the wolf?" !!
Yes, "they brought a cup": "ba" is a preposition, "cup" is a noun made genitive by "ba," "hal" is a question particle, "have you ever seen the wolf": "seen" is a verb and its subject, "the wolf" is the object, and "ever" is an adverb built on dammah in the position of accusative. The sentence "have you ever seen the wolf": he wants it to be an attribute for the cup. Who is the one who saw the wolf?
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Did you see it?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what is its color, gray?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : He is saying: They brought mixed milk, gray like the color of the wolf. I think the gray milk is three-quarters water, or not?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, this one says: "they brought a cup, have you ever seen the wolf": so this cup, its color is the color of the wolf, you understood!?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, now the poet wants the sentence to be an attribute for this cup, an attribute for it. So how is the answer to Ibn Malik's saying: "and here, prevent the occurrence of the sentence of request"?
We say: The answer is from the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him). He said:
"And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark":
If the sentence of request comes as an attribute, then imply the statement, imply the statement. So you say in the verse: They brought a cup in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf," in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf." And the attribute here is the implied, omitted one, which is: "in which it is said." And it is a noun. "In which it is said": a noun. They brought a cup in which it is said, "have you ever seen the wolf." And "have you ever seen the wolf": it is valid to be the statement of the implied speech, it is valid to be the statement of the implied speech. Okay, if I say: I passed by a man, hit him, okay, do we imply the statement?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, "in which it is said, hit him," "in which it is said, hit him," because he, Ibn Malik, says: Whenever you see a sentence of request occurring as an adjective for an indefinite noun, yes, then imply the statement in it.
"If it comes, then imply the statement":
But it is understood from his saying (may Allah have mercy on him): "If it comes": that you do not bring it. But if it is heard from the pure Arabs, then you imply the statement in it. As for you coming in the fifteenth century, and spouting broken nonsense, and bringing an attribute for an indefinite noun, okay, with a sentence of request, and saying: Ibn Malik says: "And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark" !!
And I brought it for you, so imply the statement in it, what do you say? I say: I do not accept your speech, I do not accept it because you are not a pure Arab. If one says to another: O so-and-so, I saw so-and-so, have you seen the lion?!
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: We say: This is not valid.
The Shaykh : What is this?
The student: We say this is not valid.
The Shaykh : Yes, we say: This is not valid. Okay, I say: I saw so-and-so, have you seen the lion. The meaning is: so-and-so, in which it is said: have you seen the lion. Because Ibn Malik says:
"If it comes, then imply the statement" !!
We say: But you came after Ibn Malik, yes, you came after Ibn Malik. And Ibn Malik, if he had brought it himself, we would have considered it an error, we would not have accepted it. We do not accept it to come except from the pure Arabs. And even then, if it comes, we interpret it, so we imply the statement:
"And if it comes, then the statement is to be implied, so you hit the mark".
We understood the rule from his words now. The first rule: "Nothing is an adjective except a derived word, or something interpreted as a derived word". The reason?
The student: Because a subject is mentioned in it.
The Shaykh : Because the attribute indicates the quality and the one possessing it, and the essence, so it must be a derived word. Okay: "And be an adjective with a derived word", clear.
And the second rule from the second verse: "The sentence occurs as an adjective for an indefinite noun, and it is given the ruling of the sentence occurring as a predicate, except that here it does not come as a sentence of request. And if it comes, it is obligatory to imply the statement, so that it becomes an adjective, and the sentence becomes the statement of the omitted speech". Yes, yes, and Allah knows best.
The student: ... the attribute?
The Shaykh : Which of them?
The student: It returns to ...
The Shaykh : No, how? Now, meaning, if we imply it?! Yes, it becomes ambiguous.
The student: Shaykh, making up the missed regular prayers!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Making up the missed regular prayers?!
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: How to make up the missed regular prayers?
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.