Explanation of the saying of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): The Absolute Object
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The Shaykh : Now, the absolute object is one of two types of objects: absolute and restricted. The restricted type is marked by the preposition *ba*, or by *lam*, or by *fi*, or by *waw*. Therefore, the objects are five, summarized in this verse:
"I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me"
for me " in a single verse:
" I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me "
"A blow": this is the absolute object. "Abu 'Amr": the object with which (the action was done). "On a day of sorrow": the object in which (the action took place). "And I came with the Nile": the object with which (I came). "In fear of your punishment for me": the object for the sake of which (I came). So the objects are five. These five objects are divided into two categories: the absolute object, which is not restricted by being said with, for, in, or with; it is an absolute object. And the restricted object, which is restricted by *ba*, or *fi*, or *lam*, or *waw*, as summarized in his saying:
" I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me"
"A blow": absolute object. "Abu 'Amr": object with which. "On a day of sorrow": object in which, which is the adverb of time. "And I came with the Nile": object with which. "In fear of your punishment for me": object for the sake of which. Yes, here the author says: "the absolute object" which is not restricted by being said with or for. It is not said [with a preposition]; it is an absolute object. The title is more general than the following verses, because he spoke about the verbal noun. We have the verbal noun and we have the absolute object. The verbal noun is more general than the absolute object in one respect, and the absolute object is more general than the verbal noun in another respect. If you say: "Your standing is long," "standing" is a verbal noun, but it is not an absolute object. What is it? "Your standing is long" is a subject and a predicate. "Standing" is absolute. "I like your rising," "rising" is a verbal noun, but it is the subject. "I rejoiced with all joy," "all" is an absolute object, and it is not a verbal noun, and it is in the accusative case. So, my brothers, between the absolute object and the verbal noun, there is a relationship of generality and specificity in one respect. The verbal noun is more general in one respect, and the absolute object is more general in one respect. So the absolute object cannot be anything but in the accusative case, but it may be a verbal noun, and it may be a substitute for the verbal noun. The verbal noun cannot be anything but a verbal noun, but it may be in the accusative case and it may be in a case other than the accusative. Do you understand now? The absolute object cannot be anything but in the accusative case, but it may be a verbal noun and it may be other than a verbal noun. The verbal noun cannot be anything but a verbal noun, but it may be in the nominative, accusative, or genitive case. This is the difference between them. There is a relationship of generality and specificity in one respect between them.
"I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me"
for me " in a single verse:
" I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me "
"A blow": this is the absolute object. "Abu 'Amr": the object with which (the action was done). "On a day of sorrow": the object in which (the action took place). "And I came with the Nile": the object with which (I came). "In fear of your punishment for me": the object for the sake of which (I came). So the objects are five. These five objects are divided into two categories: the absolute object, which is not restricted by being said with, for, in, or with; it is an absolute object. And the restricted object, which is restricted by *ba*, or *fi*, or *lam*, or *waw*, as summarized in his saying:
" I struck Abu 'Amr a blow on a day of sorrow, *** And I came with the Nile in fear of your punishment for me"
"A blow": absolute object. "Abu 'Amr": object with which. "On a day of sorrow": object in which, which is the adverb of time. "And I came with the Nile": object with which. "In fear of your punishment for me": object for the sake of which. Yes, here the author says: "the absolute object" which is not restricted by being said with or for. It is not said [with a preposition]; it is an absolute object. The title is more general than the following verses, because he spoke about the verbal noun. We have the verbal noun and we have the absolute object. The verbal noun is more general than the absolute object in one respect, and the absolute object is more general than the verbal noun in another respect. If you say: "Your standing is long," "standing" is a verbal noun, but it is not an absolute object. What is it? "Your standing is long" is a subject and a predicate. "Standing" is absolute. "I like your rising," "rising" is a verbal noun, but it is the subject. "I rejoiced with all joy," "all" is an absolute object, and it is not a verbal noun, and it is in the accusative case. So, my brothers, between the absolute object and the verbal noun, there is a relationship of generality and specificity in one respect. The verbal noun is more general in one respect, and the absolute object is more general in one respect. So the absolute object cannot be anything but in the accusative case, but it may be a verbal noun, and it may be a substitute for the verbal noun. The verbal noun cannot be anything but a verbal noun, but it may be in the accusative case and it may be in a case other than the accusative. Do you understand now? The absolute object cannot be anything but in the accusative case, but it may be a verbal noun and it may be other than a verbal noun. The verbal noun cannot be anything but a verbal noun, but it may be in the nominative, accusative, or genitive case. This is the difference between them. There is a relationship of generality and specificity in one respect between them.