Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And that which has a waw followed by 'inwi' as a subject *** Make the present tense its predicate."
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The Shaykh :"And that which has a waw followed by 'inwi' as a subject *** Make the present tense its predicate"
I think there is some complexity in this, Ghanim? Okay, "that which has a waw," "that which" (dhat): is it a subject (mubtada') or shall we leave it for you to parse? "That which" (dhat), Shamsum?
The student: "That which" (dhat) is a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is attached, and the waw is what it is attached to.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: It is in the genitive case with a kasrah, and "after it" (ba'daha) is an adverb of place.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is attached, and "ha" is a pronoun built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : On the fathah?
The student: On the sukun in the position of the genitive by attachment, and "inwi" is a verb of command.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: A verb of command built on the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Kasrah? What do you say?
The student: Built on the deletion of the letter of elision.
The Shaykh : Built on the deletion of the letter of elision, which is the yaa, yes.
The student: And the doer is a hidden pronoun estimated to be "you," and the subject is the object.
The Shaykh : The object of "inwi."
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, what is "after it" (ba'daha) attached to?
The student: "Inwi."
The Shaykh : "Inwi," where is the predicate (khabar) of "that which" (dhat)? And "that which has a waw."
The student: The sentence of "inwi."
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: The sentence of "inwi."
The Shaykh : The sentence of "inwi" after it, okay, now parse it, Adel? Hmm? Now, Madyan? "Make the present tense its predicate".
The student: "For it" (lahu) is a preposition and a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The present tense is the object.
The Shaykh : For what?
The student: For "make" (ij'al).
The Shaykh : For "make" (ij'al), yes.
The student: "Make" (ij'al), "make" (ij'alun), "make" (ij'al) is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A present tense verb.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A verb of command built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : Only the command remains.
The student: No, it is known that "make" (ij'al) is a command.
The Shaykh : It is not known, and you are saying the opposite, okay, and the noon?
The student : Because it is connected to the emphatic nun.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on what?
The student: On the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is connected to the noon of emphasis, well done, okay, "predicate" (musnadun)?
The student: For "make" (ij'alun), the doer is a hidden pronoun estimated to be "you."
The Shaykh : Yes, "predicate" (musnadun)?
The student: "Predicate" (musnadun) is the second object.
The Shaykh : For what?
The student: For "make" (ij'al), because "make" (ij'al) makes two objects accusative.
The Shaykh : Where is the first object?
The student: The present tense.
The Shaykh : The present tense that was mentioned first, well done, okay, the author says: If the state (haal) comes as a present tense verb that is affirmed, what is obligatory in it? Two things are obligatory: that it contains the pronoun, and that it is free from the waw. But sometimes the state sentence comes as a present tense verb with the waw, so what do we do? The author says:
"And that which has a waw" means: If the state sentence comes as a present tense verb accompanied by the waw, it is possible to get rid of this problem, so he says: The solution is "inwi" after it as a subject, make after the waw a subject, why do I make after it a subject? So that the sentence is nominal, not verbal, because if I intend a subject, it becomes a nominal sentence, yes, an example of that: you say: The criminal approached and I strike his face, yes, or the criminal approached and he covers his face, the sentence "he covers" as you know is a present tense verb, is it affirmed or negated?
The student: Affirmed.
The Shaykh : Affirmed, and yet the waw came, so what do we do when we say if it is an affirmed present tense verb, we must make it free from the waw? We say: Can we estimate?
The student: A subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : A subject (mubtada'), so that the sentence is nominal, so we say: The criminal approached and he covers his face, meaning: and he is covering his face, and in that case the sentence is nominal, and there is no harm in a nominal sentence starting with the waw.
"And that which has a waw followed by 'inwi' as a subject *** Make the present tense its predicate"
Meaning: Make this present tense the predicate (musnad) for the subject (mubtada') that you estimate, make it the predicate for the subject that you estimate, and what does "predicate" (musnadun) mean? That is: the predicate (khabar) for it, because the predicate (khabar) is attached to the subject (mubtada'), so if you say: The man is standing, it means you attached the standing to the man, so this affirmed present tense verb becomes the predicate (musnad) for the hidden subject (mubtada') that you intended, the summary of the two verses: The rule from the first verse or three verses, the rule from the first verse: That the state (haal) comes as a sentence, either nominal or verbal, the second verse: The rule in it: If it is a verbal sentence whose verb is an affirmed present tense, two things are obligatory in it: its containing the pronoun, and its being free from the waw, the third rule in the third verse: If the state sentence comes as an affirmed present tense verb accompanied by the waw, it is obligatory that we estimate a subject for which this sentence is the predicate (khabar) so that the rule is not broken, yes, okay, if I say for example: I entered upon Zayd while he is praying, what is the grammatical position of "he is praying" (yusalli)? Say?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A state (haal)? I entered upon Zayd while he is praying, this is in the position of the accusative as a state (haal), but if the sentence comes like this: I entered upon Zayd and he is praying, it is obligatory that we estimate a subject, so we say the estimation is: and he is praying, so that the sentence is not a present tense accompanied by the waw, and Allah knows best.
I think there is some complexity in this, Ghanim? Okay, "that which has a waw," "that which" (dhat): is it a subject (mubtada') or shall we leave it for you to parse? "That which" (dhat), Shamsum?
The student: "That which" (dhat) is a subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is attached, and the waw is what it is attached to.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: It is in the genitive case with a kasrah, and "after it" (ba'daha) is an adverb of place.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is attached, and "ha" is a pronoun built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : On the fathah?
The student: On the sukun in the position of the genitive by attachment, and "inwi" is a verb of command.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: A verb of command built on the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Kasrah? What do you say?
The student: Built on the deletion of the letter of elision.
The Shaykh : Built on the deletion of the letter of elision, which is the yaa, yes.
The student: And the doer is a hidden pronoun estimated to be "you," and the subject is the object.
The Shaykh : The object of "inwi."
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, what is "after it" (ba'daha) attached to?
The student: "Inwi."
The Shaykh : "Inwi," where is the predicate (khabar) of "that which" (dhat)? And "that which has a waw."
The student: The sentence of "inwi."
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: The sentence of "inwi."
The Shaykh : The sentence of "inwi" after it, okay, now parse it, Adel? Hmm? Now, Madyan? "Make the present tense its predicate".
The student: "For it" (lahu) is a preposition and a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The present tense is the object.
The Shaykh : For what?
The student: For "make" (ij'al).
The Shaykh : For "make" (ij'al), yes.
The student: "Make" (ij'al), "make" (ij'alun), "make" (ij'al) is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A present tense verb.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: A verb of command built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : Only the command remains.
The student: No, it is known that "make" (ij'al) is a command.
The Shaykh : It is not known, and you are saying the opposite, okay, and the noon?
The student : Because it is connected to the emphatic nun.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on what?
The student: On the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is connected to the noon of emphasis, well done, okay, "predicate" (musnadun)?
The student: For "make" (ij'alun), the doer is a hidden pronoun estimated to be "you."
The Shaykh : Yes, "predicate" (musnadun)?
The student: "Predicate" (musnadun) is the second object.
The Shaykh : For what?
The student: For "make" (ij'al), because "make" (ij'al) makes two objects accusative.
The Shaykh : Where is the first object?
The student: The present tense.
The Shaykh : The present tense that was mentioned first, well done, okay, the author says: If the state (haal) comes as a present tense verb that is affirmed, what is obligatory in it? Two things are obligatory: that it contains the pronoun, and that it is free from the waw. But sometimes the state sentence comes as a present tense verb with the waw, so what do we do? The author says:
"And that which has a waw" means: If the state sentence comes as a present tense verb accompanied by the waw, it is possible to get rid of this problem, so he says: The solution is "inwi" after it as a subject, make after the waw a subject, why do I make after it a subject? So that the sentence is nominal, not verbal, because if I intend a subject, it becomes a nominal sentence, yes, an example of that: you say: The criminal approached and I strike his face, yes, or the criminal approached and he covers his face, the sentence "he covers" as you know is a present tense verb, is it affirmed or negated?
The student: Affirmed.
The Shaykh : Affirmed, and yet the waw came, so what do we do when we say if it is an affirmed present tense verb, we must make it free from the waw? We say: Can we estimate?
The student: A subject (mubtada').
The Shaykh : A subject (mubtada'), so that the sentence is nominal, so we say: The criminal approached and he covers his face, meaning: and he is covering his face, and in that case the sentence is nominal, and there is no harm in a nominal sentence starting with the waw.
"And that which has a waw followed by 'inwi' as a subject *** Make the present tense its predicate"
Meaning: Make this present tense the predicate (musnad) for the subject (mubtada') that you estimate, make it the predicate for the subject that you estimate, and what does "predicate" (musnadun) mean? That is: the predicate (khabar) for it, because the predicate (khabar) is attached to the subject (mubtada'), so if you say: The man is standing, it means you attached the standing to the man, so this affirmed present tense verb becomes the predicate (musnad) for the hidden subject (mubtada') that you intended, the summary of the two verses: The rule from the first verse or three verses, the rule from the first verse: That the state (haal) comes as a sentence, either nominal or verbal, the second verse: The rule in it: If it is a verbal sentence whose verb is an affirmed present tense, two things are obligatory in it: its containing the pronoun, and its being free from the waw, the third rule in the third verse: If the state sentence comes as an affirmed present tense verb accompanied by the waw, it is obligatory that we estimate a subject for which this sentence is the predicate (khabar) so that the rule is not broken, yes, okay, if I say for example: I entered upon Zayd while he is praying, what is the grammatical position of "he is praying" (yusalli)? Say?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A state (haal)? I entered upon Zayd while he is praying, this is in the position of the accusative as a state (haal), but if the sentence comes like this: I entered upon Zayd and he is praying, it is obligatory that we estimate a subject, so we say the estimation is: and he is praying, so that the sentence is not a present tense accompanied by the waw, and Allah knows best.