Continuation of the explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: “... and fast Ramadan ...”. In it is mentioned the definition of fasting and its conditions.
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The Shaykh : As for the fourth, it is the fasting of Ramadan, which is the month between Sha'ban and Shawwal. It was named Ramadan; it is said that this was because when the months were first named, it coincided with the intensity of the scorching heat, so it was named Ramadan. It is also said that it was named so because the heat of sins is extinguished by it, for sins are hot. Sahih Ibn Hibban 10:853 The important point is that this month is known to the Muslims; Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) mentioned it by its name in His Book, saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:185] And Allah did not mention the name of any other month besides this one.
Fasting Ramadan is a pillar of Islam; Islam is not complete without it. However, it is not obligatory except upon one in whom the following conditions are met: that he be a Muslim, that he be of age, that he be of sound mind, that he be a Muslim, that he be capable, and that he be a resident, free from the impediments. These are six conditions. If he is a child, fasting is not obligatory upon him. If he is insane, fasting is not obligatory upon him. If he is a disbeliever, fasting is not obligatory upon him.
If he is incapable, there are two categories. If his incapacity is expected to end, such as a sudden illness, he breaks his fast and then makes up the days equal to the number he broke. If it is an incapacity that is not expected to end, such as old age or illnesses that are not expected to be cured, he feeds one poor person for every day.
A resident; its opposite is the traveler. So the traveler does not have to fast, but he makes it up from other days.
Free from the impediments, as a precaution against the menstruating woman and the woman with post-natal bleeding. Fasting is not obligatory upon them, nor is it permissible for them to fast, but they must make it up.
The fasting of Ramadan is according to the number of its days, either twenty-nine or thirty, based on the sighting of the crescent moon. For the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan an-Nasa'i 2138Sahih (Darussalam) The number of days of Sha'ban if it is at the beginning of the month, and the number of days of Ramadan if it is at the end of the month.
And whoever fasts Ramadan out of faith and seeking reward, Allah will forgive him what has passed of his sins.
ومن صام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر الله له ما تقدم من ذنبهThe month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an
شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآنFasting Ramadan is a pillar of Islam; Islam is not complete without it. However, it is not obligatory except upon one in whom the following conditions are met: that he be a Muslim, that he be of age, that he be of sound mind, that he be a Muslim, that he be capable, and that he be a resident, free from the impediments. These are six conditions. If he is a child, fasting is not obligatory upon him. If he is insane, fasting is not obligatory upon him. If he is a disbeliever, fasting is not obligatory upon him.
If he is incapable, there are two categories. If his incapacity is expected to end, such as a sudden illness, he breaks his fast and then makes up the days equal to the number he broke. If it is an incapacity that is not expected to end, such as old age or illnesses that are not expected to be cured, he feeds one poor person for every day.
A resident; its opposite is the traveler. So the traveler does not have to fast, but he makes it up from other days.
Free from the impediments, as a precaution against the menstruating woman and the woman with post-natal bleeding. Fasting is not obligatory upon them, nor is it permissible for them to fast, but they must make it up.
The fasting of Ramadan is according to the number of its days, either twenty-nine or thirty, based on the sighting of the crescent moon. For the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: