Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: "… and the conjunctions are ten, namely: the waw, the fa, and thumma …"
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : And that is to say that the conjunctions are ten, namely: "the waw, the fa, thumma, aw, am, imma, bal, la, lakin, and hatta in some contexts". These are ten: the waw.
You say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," "Zayd stood up and 'Amr." Here, the waw is a conjunction, and 'Amr is conjoined to Zayd. The word conjoined to a nominative is nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah at its end. Pay attention, everyone: "Zayd stood up and 'Amr."
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Why? Because the word to which it is conjoined is in the nominative case, so the conjoined word must be in the nominative case as well. "Zayd stood up and 'Amra" is incorrect, because you are required to say "and 'Amr" with a dammah, because the word to which it is conjoined is in the nominative case. This last example will come to us, if Allah wills, with some detail. All right.
What does the waw indicate? Does the second come before the first, or the first before the second? If I say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," is it so? Yes, it does not imply anything. It implies that they share in the action, but it does not imply that one came before the other. So if I say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," it is possible that they both stood up together, or that Zayd stood up first, or that 'Amr stood up first. And if you say, "Zayd and 'Amr arrived," which one was first? There is no evidence. It is possible that one arrived on Friday and the other arrived on Saturday. So if you said, "You arrived on Sunday, Zayd and 'Amr," is that not so?
The student : Yes
The Shaykh : So it does not necessitate order. However, the apparent meaning of the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) حين أقبل على الصفا وقرأ إن الصفا والمروة من شعائر الله أبدأ بما بدأ الله به When he turned toward al-Safa and recited, "Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah," I began with what Allah began with. is that the word placed first in a conjunction with the waw precedes what comes after it. Is that so? One might say so, but we say: No, it precedes in terms of emphasis, in terms of emphasis. But in terms of the action that takes place between the conjoined word and the word to which it is conjoined, no. Placing something first indicates emphasis on it and that it is more important than the second. For example, if I say, "The master and his slave came," this is the natural order, which is better than saying, "The slave and his master came." Do you understand, or not? So the placing of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) here is not because the waw implies or necessitates order, but because the principle is to start with what?
The student: With what is emphasized.
The Shaykh : With what is emphasized and what is more important. All right.
The fa: You say, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr."
It is a conjunction, but it conveys order, because when the listener hears, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," he knows that 'Amr came after Zayd. All right. And thumma:
"Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr." It conveys conjunction and it conveys order. It conveys order, but the order in thumma is not like the order in the fa. The order in the fa indicates immediate succession, while in thumma it indicates a delay.
Therefore, if I say, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," it means that 'Amr's arrival was immediate after Zayd's arrival. But "then 'Amr" indicates that 'Amr's arrival was delayed relative to Zayd's arrival. Clear? All right.
The order in the fa, the order in the fa and immediate succession, is according to what the situation requires, meaning it is not necessarily instantaneous. In His saying, the Exalted,[Al-Hajj 22:63] here, the earth was green immediately after the rain fell, right?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, but the meaning is that it did not delay beyond the usual time. Zayd married, and a child was born to him that very night he married.
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Right? No, when? After nine months. But the meaning is that the birth did not delay beyond the usual time. So immediate succession in everything is according to its own measure. All right.
You say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," "Zayd stood up and 'Amr." Here, the waw is a conjunction, and 'Amr is conjoined to Zayd. The word conjoined to a nominative is nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah at its end. Pay attention, everyone: "Zayd stood up and 'Amr."
The student: Error
The Shaykh : That is incorrect. Why? Because the word to which it is conjoined is in the nominative case, so the conjoined word must be in the nominative case as well. "Zayd stood up and 'Amra" is incorrect, because you are required to say "and 'Amr" with a dammah, because the word to which it is conjoined is in the nominative case. This last example will come to us, if Allah wills, with some detail. All right.
What does the waw indicate? Does the second come before the first, or the first before the second? If I say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," is it so? Yes, it does not imply anything. It implies that they share in the action, but it does not imply that one came before the other. So if I say, "Zayd stood up and 'Amr," it is possible that they both stood up together, or that Zayd stood up first, or that 'Amr stood up first. And if you say, "Zayd and 'Amr arrived," which one was first? There is no evidence. It is possible that one arrived on Friday and the other arrived on Saturday. So if you said, "You arrived on Sunday, Zayd and 'Amr," is that not so?
The student : Yes
The Shaykh : So it does not necessitate order. However, the apparent meaning of the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) حين أقبل على الصفا وقرأ إن الصفا والمروة من شعائر الله أبدأ بما بدأ الله به When he turned toward al-Safa and recited, "Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah," I began with what Allah began with. is that the word placed first in a conjunction with the waw precedes what comes after it. Is that so? One might say so, but we say: No, it precedes in terms of emphasis, in terms of emphasis. But in terms of the action that takes place between the conjoined word and the word to which it is conjoined, no. Placing something first indicates emphasis on it and that it is more important than the second. For example, if I say, "The master and his slave came," this is the natural order, which is better than saying, "The slave and his master came." Do you understand, or not? So the placing of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) here is not because the waw implies or necessitates order, but because the principle is to start with what?
The student: With what is emphasized.
The Shaykh : With what is emphasized and what is more important. All right.
The fa: You say, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr."
It is a conjunction, but it conveys order, because when the listener hears, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," he knows that 'Amr came after Zayd. All right. And thumma:
"Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr." It conveys conjunction and it conveys order. It conveys order, but the order in thumma is not like the order in the fa. The order in the fa indicates immediate succession, while in thumma it indicates a delay.
Therefore, if I say, "Zayd arrived, then 'Amr," it means that 'Amr's arrival was immediate after Zayd's arrival. But "then 'Amr" indicates that 'Amr's arrival was delayed relative to Zayd's arrival. Clear? All right.
The order in the fa, the order in the fa and immediate succession, is according to what the situation requires, meaning it is not necessarily instantaneous. In His saying, the Exalted,
Do you not see that Allah has sent down rain from the sky and the earth becomes green?
ألم تر أن الله أنزل من السماء ماء فتصبح الأرض مخضرةThe student: No.
The Shaykh : No, but the meaning is that it did not delay beyond the usual time. Zayd married, and a child was born to him that very night he married.
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Right? No, when? After nine months. But the meaning is that the birth did not delay beyond the usual time. So immediate succession in everything is according to its own measure. All right.