Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: "… and either, and but, and not, and but, and even in some places …"

The Shaykh :"And either" "Either" is a conjunction
The student: As for

The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: As for

The Shaykh : how
The student: As for

The Shaykh : Either with a kasrah
The student: As for without the kasrah

The Shaykh : There is no god but Allah, either I tell you the one who has "as for" fixes it, or is it good?
"Either" is a matter of disagreement among the scholars of grammar; some of them said it is a conjunction, so you say
"Either Zayd came, either 'Amr came," and they make "either 'Amr" mean "or 'Amr," or 'Amr
And some of them denied that "either" is a conjunction and said that "either" does not come except accompanied by the letter waw, and in that case the conjunction is by the waw, not by "either." From this is the saying of Allah the Exalted So "ransom" here is conjoined to "pardon," but what is the conjunction?
The student: The waw.

The Shaykh : The waw The waw. So "either," the author (may Allah have mercy on him) is among those who see that it is a conjunction, a letter of conjunction
But the correct view is that it is not a conjunction; rather, it is only a letter of specification. And as for it being a conjunction, no, because it does not come except accompanied by a conjunction letter, and the conjunction is that letter, not it
"And but" "But" is also a conjunction. "But" is a conjunction and it signifies the shift. The shift means that you shifted away from the first and affirmed the ruling for the second. An example is
"Zayd came, but 'Amr came." "Zayd came, but 'Amr came." Tell me, who came now?
The student: 'Amr

The Shaykh : 'Amr. There is no god but Allah. "Zayd came, but 'Amr came"
The student: 'Amr

The Shaykh : Zayd, Zayd. We said "Zayd came"
The student: No, we shifted away from him

The Shaykh : Ah, we shifted away from him. So "but" is for the shift, negating what came before. So if you say
"Zayd came, but 'Amr came"
Then "but" is a conjunction
And "'Amr" is conjoined to "Zayd," and what is conjoined to a nominative is nominative, and the sign of its nominative is a visible dammah at its end
And its meaning is the shift, meaning that you turn away from what came before to affirm what follows it. So it negates what came before and affirms what followed. Good
The author says "And not"
The student: And not

The Shaykh :"Not" Good. "Not" is also not a conjunction. It comes to negate what came before. It comes to negate what came before. For this reason, it does not come except in affirmation. You say
"Zayd stood up, not 'Amr." So you negate standing up for 'Amr. You negate standing up for 'Amr. If someone says, "If I say 'Zayd stood up,' does it mean 'Amr did not stand up?" We say, but "not" does not explicitly indicate that 'Amr did not stand up. But if I say "Zayd stood up, not 'Amr," it is explicit that 'Amr did not stand up. And it does not come after negation. You do not say "Zayd did not stand up, not 'Amr," because it is for negating what passed, and if what passed is negated, there is no need to mention it
So "not" is a conjunction, and its meaning is what? Negation
An example is "Zayd stood up, not 'Amr"
"Stood up" is a past tense verb built on fathah
And "Zayd" is the subject, nominative, and the sign of its nominative is a visible dammah at its end. Yes
"Not" is a conjunction. We do not say it is a negator, but its meaning is negation. "Not" is a conjunction. "'Amr" is conjoined to "Zayd," and what is conjoined to a nominative is nominative, and the sign of its nominative is a visible dammah at its end
"And but" Also, "but" is a conjunction. Note that it is "but" with a light nun, not "but" with a heavy nun, because "but" with a heavy nun is one of the sisters of "in" that makes the subject accusative and the predicate nominative. But this "but" with a light nun is like this
You say "Zayd did not stand up, but 'Amr," and its meaning is retraction. Its meaning is retraction, likewise
You say "Zayd did not sit, but"
The student: 'Amr

The Shaykh : Yes, but "he stood up." But "he stood up." So it conjoins a sentence to a sentence, meaning it does not conjoin a single word to a single word. It comes to conjoin a sentence to a sentence, and it comes to conjoin a single word to a single word. Good
You say "I did not wear a cloak, but a shirt." Here, "I did not wear a cloak, but a shirt"
The student: And the Sunnah is on the shirt

The Shaykh : Correct.
The student: Correct.

The Shaykh : Why did you stop? "I did not wear a cloak, but a shirt" is correct. We say
"I did not wear." "Did not" is a negator
And "wear" is a verb and a subject
And "cloak" is the object of "wear"
"But" is a conjunction for retraction
"Shirt" is conjoined to what? To "cloak." And what is conjoined to an accusative is accusative, and the sign of its accusative is a visible fathah at its end
"And even in some places" "Even" is also from the letters of conjunction, but not in every place, but in some places, because in some places it comes as a preposition, as in the saying of Allah the Exalted What is it?
The student:

The Shaykh : And the author (may Allah have mercy on him, and may He reward him with good) pointed out this because the student of knowledge says, how can "even" be a conjunction when it did not conjoin in the Noble Qur'an If it had conjoined, it would have said "the horizon" with a dammah. How? The Noble Qur'an does not conjoin. He said, yes. He said, because I say "even in some places," not in every place it is a conjunction. Even, yes, in some places
And it is either intended to indicate lowliness or honor or comprehensiveness. If you say
"The people came, even the servants." Here in lowliness, but the meaning of lowliness here is not baseness; the meaning is that they are lower than those before them
"The people came, even the nobles"
The student: In honor

The Shaykh : In honor
"I ate the fish, even its head"
The student: For comprehensiveness

The Shaykh : Comprehensiveness. Comprehensiveness, because the head, the head of the fish, most of it is bones, but this man, what Allah willed, did not get full, so he ate the fish and its head. Do you understand? It is said, "I ate the fish, even its head." This is a conjunction. So is the head eaten or not?
The student: Eaten

The Shaykh : "I ate the fish, even its head." The head was not eaten, meaning you reached the head and left it. Yes, and this is the benefit of the author's saying "even in some places" because in some places it is for the limit, not for conjunction
The student: ...

The Shaykh : Yes, what is it... Tomorrow, tomorrow