Review of what was previously covered in the chapter on the five nouns.
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
This section of the *Alfiyyah* explains the inflection of the five nouns. It is an exception to the standard rule, because the standard rule is that the nominative is marked by the dammah, the accusative by the fathah, the genitive by the kasrah, and the jussive by the sukun. The author said: "Except for what is mentioned, a substitute takes its place", meaning that if a noun is in the nominative case without the dammah, it is a substitute for the dammah; if it is in the accusative case without the fathah, it is a substitute for the fathah; and if it is in the genitive case without the kasrah, it is a substitute for the kasrah. He says at the beginning of the chapter on exceptions to the standard rule, the first chapter:
He said:
"And raise with a waw, and lower with an alif, *** And make genitive with a ya what of the nouns I describe
" Raise the imperative verb, and lower the imperative verb. We have explained what is contrary to the norm. And make genitive the imperative verb. And his saying: "What of the nouns I describe" is affected by the three case markers. It is affected by the three case markers, and we applied the last one to it, meaning what I describe of the nouns, that is, what I mention.
"From that, 'dhu' if it means 'our companion'", meaning from what I describe of that, that is, from what I describe, 'dhu' if it means 'our companion.' This means if it is explicit in meaning 'companion.' 'Dhu' comes in the Arabic language with the meaning of 'owner' and with the meaning of 'the one who,' as in the saying of the poet:
"For the water is the water of my father and my grandfather, *** And my well is the one I dug and the one I covered"
Meaning, my well which I dug and which I covered. Therefore, he specified here and said: "If it means 'our companion'", meaning 'dhu' which means 'owner.' "And 'fawm' where the mim has separated from it", meaning the 'fawm' is valid if the mim has separated from it. If the mim separates from it, the fa' remains, and the fa' is valid to be suffixed with the case marker: the waw, the alif, or the ya. So you say 'faw.' Therefore, he stipulated "Where the mim has separated from it". And the author, may Allah have mercy on him, benefited us with his saying: "Where the mim has separated from it", that the mim may remain, so you say 'fawmuka.' Yes, it is valid, and it is a dialect, and it is a dialect. For example, the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas: It is valid. And based on this, if we are narrating generally, we say: "Until you put it in the mouth of your wife." This is narrating the hadith by meaning for the sake of clarification, and there is no harm in it. Now, how many words is this? Two words: 'dhu' meaning 'owner,' and 'fawm' without the mim.
This section of the *Alfiyyah* explains the inflection of the five nouns. It is an exception to the standard rule, because the standard rule is that the nominative is marked by the dammah, the accusative by the fathah, the genitive by the kasrah, and the jussive by the sukun. The author said: "Except for what is mentioned, a substitute takes its place", meaning that if a noun is in the nominative case without the dammah, it is a substitute for the dammah; if it is in the accusative case without the fathah, it is a substitute for the fathah; and if it is in the genitive case without the kasrah, it is a substitute for the kasrah. He says at the beginning of the chapter on exceptions to the standard rule, the first chapter:
He said:
"And raise with a waw, and lower with an alif, *** And make genitive with a ya what of the nouns I describe
" Raise the imperative verb, and lower the imperative verb. We have explained what is contrary to the norm. And make genitive the imperative verb. And his saying: "What of the nouns I describe" is affected by the three case markers. It is affected by the three case markers, and we applied the last one to it, meaning what I describe of the nouns, that is, what I mention.
"From that, 'dhu' if it means 'our companion'", meaning from what I describe of that, that is, from what I describe, 'dhu' if it means 'our companion.' This means if it is explicit in meaning 'companion.' 'Dhu' comes in the Arabic language with the meaning of 'owner' and with the meaning of 'the one who,' as in the saying of the poet:
"For the water is the water of my father and my grandfather, *** And my well is the one I dug and the one I covered"
Meaning, my well which I dug and which I covered. Therefore, he specified here and said: "If it means 'our companion'", meaning 'dhu' which means 'owner.' "And 'fawm' where the mim has separated from it", meaning the 'fawm' is valid if the mim has separated from it. If the mim separates from it, the fa' remains, and the fa' is valid to be suffixed with the case marker: the waw, the alif, or the ya. So you say 'faw.' Therefore, he stipulated "Where the mim has separated from it". And the author, may Allah have mercy on him, benefited us with his saying: "Where the mim has separated from it", that the mim may remain, so you say 'fawmuka.' Yes, it is valid, and it is a dialect, and it is a dialect. For example, the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas: