Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the alif is replaced by a ya in all of them *** in the genitive and accusative cases after an open sound has been accepted."
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The Shaykh : Then he said: "And the alif is replaced by a ya in all of them". The "ya" is the subject and the "alif" is the object. His saying: "in all of them" means in the dual and what is annexed to it. The alif is in the genitive case.
"And the alif is replaced by a ya in all of them *** in the genitive and accusative cases after an open sound has been accepted"
"The alif is replaced by a ya": the "ya" is the subject and the "alif" is the object. This means that the "ya" serves as a substitute for the "alif" in the states of the genitive and accusative cases.
An example of this is: "The two men stood up." This is in the nominative case with the alif.
"I saw the two men." A ya came in place of the alif.
"I passed by the two men." A ya also came after the alif.
So the dual is now inflected as follows: if it is in the nominative case, it is marked by the alif in place of the dammah; if it is in the accusative case, it is marked by the ya in place of the fathah; if it is in the genitive case, it is marked by the ya in place of the kasrah. Is that clear, everyone?
If someone were to ask: How did we know this? Those who followed the speech of the scholars of the Arabs and the scholars of the language labored greatly in seeking the language, until one of them would travel to the desert, through the ravines of the mountains and the dunes of the sand, searching for a single Bedouin to ask him about a grammatical issue. This is from the mercy of Allah, for this preserves the Arabic language, which is the language of the Qur'an and the Hadith. Now, these are two chapters among the chapters in which letters substitute for vowel marks. The third chapter is...
"And the alif is replaced by a ya in all of them *** in the genitive and accusative cases after an open sound has been accepted"
"The alif is replaced by a ya": the "ya" is the subject and the "alif" is the object. This means that the "ya" serves as a substitute for the "alif" in the states of the genitive and accusative cases.
An example of this is: "The two men stood up." This is in the nominative case with the alif.
"I saw the two men." A ya came in place of the alif.
"I passed by the two men." A ya also came after the alif.
So the dual is now inflected as follows: if it is in the nominative case, it is marked by the alif in place of the dammah; if it is in the accusative case, it is marked by the ya in place of the fathah; if it is in the genitive case, it is marked by the ya in place of the kasrah. Is that clear, everyone?
If someone were to ask: How did we know this? Those who followed the speech of the scholars of the Arabs and the scholars of the language labored greatly in seeking the language, until one of them would travel to the desert, through the ravines of the mountains and the dunes of the sand, searching for a single Bedouin to ask him about a grammatical issue. This is from the mercy of Allah, for this preserves the Arabic language, which is the language of the Qur'an and the Hadith. Now, these are two chapters among the chapters in which letters substitute for vowel marks. The third chapter is...