Continuation of the explanation of Ibn Malik's (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: "And in the vocative, 'Abati' and 'Ummati' are used, *** and you break or open, and the ta is a substitute for the ya."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said:
"And in the vocative, 'Abati' and 'Ummati' are used":
This also occurs specifically in the vocative only. "Abi": with a ya, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, it is permissible in the vocative to replace the ya with a ta, even though what passed before us a moment ago was that the ya is replaced?
The student: With an alif.
The Shaykh : With an alif, and the alif to the ya are all letters of weakness, but here it is permissible to replace it with a sound letter, which is: the ta, so you say: Ya Abati. Allah the Exalted said:[As-Saffat 37:102]: How do we parse it?
"Ya" is a particle of vocative, "Abu" is the vocative, in the accusative case with the ya of vocative, and the sign of its accusative is a visible fatha at its end, "Abu" is a compound, and the ta converted from the ya is a compound to it, built on the kasrah in the position of the genitive, and likewise "Ummati", "Ya Ummati": instead of: "Ya Ummi", I think it is not found in the Qur'an, you say: "Ya Ummati": we say the same for it, "Ya" is a particle of vocative, and "Umm" is the vocative, in the accusative case with the visible fatha, and "Umm" is a compound, and the ta converted from the ya is a compound to it, in the genitive case, built on the kasrah in the position of the genitive, and his saying: "used":
It means it occurred incidentally and not as a necessity, because the original is to say: Ya Abi, and Ya Ummi.
"And you break or open":
How do you break or open? It means: Ya Abata, Ya Ummata, Ya Abati, Ya Ummati, and his saying: "or open": is for choice.
"And from the ya, the ta is a substitute":
And from the ya, the ta is a substitute: his saying "from the ya": is a preposition and its object, in the position of the accusative as a state from "substitute", and the ta is the subject, and "substitute" is the predicate of the subject, meaning the ta came as a substitute for the ya, a substitute from it and from the ya, the ta is a substitute.
It is as if the author indicated by his saying: "And from the ta is a substitute": he indicated to dispel the suspicion that the ta is only for femininity, meaning someone might say: that it is for femininity, like what they said in: "Thumma" they said in: "Thumt", but he clarified that the ta is a noun, because it is a substitute from the ya.
The student: It might be absolute: Ya Abati?!
The Shaykh : This can occur in the lamentation, it occurs in the lamentation.
"And in the vocative, 'Abati' and 'Ummati' are used":
This also occurs specifically in the vocative only. "Abi": with a ya, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, it is permissible in the vocative to replace the ya with a ta, even though what passed before us a moment ago was that the ya is replaced?
The student: With an alif.
The Shaykh : With an alif, and the alif to the ya are all letters of weakness, but here it is permissible to replace it with a sound letter, which is: the ta, so you say: Ya Abati. Allah the Exalted said:
O my father, do as you are commanded
يا أبتِ افعل ما تؤمر"Ya" is a particle of vocative, "Abu" is the vocative, in the accusative case with the ya of vocative, and the sign of its accusative is a visible fatha at its end, "Abu" is a compound, and the ta converted from the ya is a compound to it, built on the kasrah in the position of the genitive, and likewise "Ummati", "Ya Ummati": instead of: "Ya Ummi", I think it is not found in the Qur'an, you say: "Ya Ummati": we say the same for it, "Ya" is a particle of vocative, and "Umm" is the vocative, in the accusative case with the visible fatha, and "Umm" is a compound, and the ta converted from the ya is a compound to it, in the genitive case, built on the kasrah in the position of the genitive, and his saying: "used":
It means it occurred incidentally and not as a necessity, because the original is to say: Ya Abi, and Ya Ummi.
"And you break or open":
How do you break or open? It means: Ya Abata, Ya Ummata, Ya Abati, Ya Ummati, and his saying: "or open": is for choice.
"And from the ya, the ta is a substitute":
And from the ya, the ta is a substitute: his saying "from the ya": is a preposition and its object, in the position of the accusative as a state from "substitute", and the ta is the subject, and "substitute" is the predicate of the subject, meaning the ta came as a substitute for the ya, a substitute from it and from the ya, the ta is a substitute.
It is as if the author indicated by his saying: "And from the ta is a substitute": he indicated to dispel the suspicion that the ta is only for femininity, meaning someone might say: that it is for femininity, like what they said in: "Thumma" they said in: "Thumt", but he clarified that the ta is a noun, because it is a substitute from the ya.
The student: It might be absolute: Ya Abati?!
The Shaykh : This can occur in the lamentation, it occurs in the lamentation.