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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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The Meaning of Excess in a Bequest

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Question:
We found a hadith from Abu Hurayrah that said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man may do the deeds of the people of good for seventy years, but when he makes a bequest and commits excess in his bequest, his deeds are concluded with the evil of his actions, and he enters the Fire." What does "commits excess" mean? Please inform us about this. May Allah reward you.

Answer:
Several hadiths from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) have come in this meaning, including one from Ibn Mas'ud in the two Sahihs, and other hadiths: that a servant may do the deeds of the people of Paradise until there is only an arm's length between him and it, but the record overtakes him, and he does the deeds of the people of the Fire, and he enters the Fire. This means he is concluded with a bad ending. We seek refuge in Allah.
In some narrations: a servant may do the deeds of the people of Paradise in what appears to people, meaning in the outward state of his condition, and in the end of his condition, he does the deeds of the people of the Fire, and he enters the Fire. We seek refuge in Allah. And a servant may do the deeds of the people of the Fire in what appears to people, but in the end of his condition, he does the deeds of the people of Paradise, so Allah turns to him in mercy, and he enters Paradise. So deeds are judged by their endings.
Excess in a bequest is that one bequeaths what is not permissible for him, such as bequeathing to an heir. The heir has no right to a bequest; rather, what Allah has apportioned to them is sufficient for them.
Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir.إن الله قد أعطى كل ذي حق حقه فلا وصية لوارث
Sunan Abi Dawud 2870Hasan Sahih (Al-Albani)
Excess in a bequest is also that one exceeds one-third without the permission of the heirs, or bequeaths to some of the heirs. This is not permissible. Rather, it is obligatory for him to limit it to one-third or less, and not to bequeath to the heirs.
As for this hadith, I do not know the state of its chain. It requires looking into its chain. However, its meaning is that if he does an evil deed in the end of his life, and a sin, and dies upon it, he is to be feared for the Fire because of a bad ending. We seek refuge in Allah.
Source binbaz.org.sa

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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