Everything is by divine decree and destiny
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Fatwa number ( 14657 )
All praise is due to Allah alone, and peace and blessings be upon the one after whom there is no prophet. After that: The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta has reviewed what was sent to His Eminence the Grand Mufti from His Excellency the Secretary General of the Commercial and Industrial Chamber in Jeddah , which was referred to the Committee by the General Secretariat of the Council of Senior Scholars, with number (1139) and date 9/3/1411 AH. The inquirer asked a question, the text of which is as follows: The Commercial and Industrial Chambers in the Kingdom play a constructive role and make a sincere effort in resolving many commercial issues and problems by reconciling the parties in dispute without resorting to the judicial authorities, based on the great legal principle that "reconciliation is better," and out of a desire to alleviate the burden on the judiciary from the large volume of cases that reach them, as well as a desire for commercial relations between national business men, or between them and business men abroad, to remain based on love and mutual consent. Sometimes, however, incidents occur that cause financial losses and moral damages to some, and these incidents may be the result
The action of an actor or the result of negligence, or it may be due to unknown causes or causes in which humans have no hand and which cannot be predicted, such as a ship sinking, a fire breaking out in a warehouse, a storm blowing, or rain falling that leads to the spoilage of goods. These problems are presented to the Chambers or to some specialized authorities for their opinion, and it happens that the phrase (this action occurred by divine decree and destiny) is placed in the report or scene, considering that divine will is above everything . My question here, for which we wish to receive a satisfactory answer from Your Eminence to serve as a legal basis in the face of some people’s refusal to place such a phrase as we mentioned earlier, is: Is this phrase (this action or matter occurred by divine decree and destiny) to be placed only on matters in which humans have no hand, or is it to be placed in all cases, with the apparent or worldly cause mentioned afterwards. And as we thank Your Eminence for your religious concern, we ask Allah the Exalted and Mighty to reward you with the best reward for us and for the Muslims. And may peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
After the Committee’s study of the question, it answered as follows: Everything is by divine decree and destiny, as He the Exalted said:[Al-Qamar 54:49]
And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Muwatta Malik 46:4 narrated by Muslim in (his Sahih). Based on this, there is no harm in writing the words: it occurred by Allah’s decree and destiny, with an explanation of the cause if there is a known cause from a human or otherwise. And success is from Allah, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
All praise is due to Allah alone, and peace and blessings be upon the one after whom there is no prophet. After that: The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta has reviewed what was sent to His Eminence the Grand Mufti from His Excellency the Secretary General of the Commercial and Industrial Chamber in Jeddah , which was referred to the Committee by the General Secretariat of the Council of Senior Scholars, with number (1139) and date 9/3/1411 AH. The inquirer asked a question, the text of which is as follows: The Commercial and Industrial Chambers in the Kingdom play a constructive role and make a sincere effort in resolving many commercial issues and problems by reconciling the parties in dispute without resorting to the judicial authorities, based on the great legal principle that "reconciliation is better," and out of a desire to alleviate the burden on the judiciary from the large volume of cases that reach them, as well as a desire for commercial relations between national business men, or between them and business men abroad, to remain based on love and mutual consent. Sometimes, however, incidents occur that cause financial losses and moral damages to some, and these incidents may be the result
The action of an actor or the result of negligence, or it may be due to unknown causes or causes in which humans have no hand and which cannot be predicted, such as a ship sinking, a fire breaking out in a warehouse, a storm blowing, or rain falling that leads to the spoilage of goods. These problems are presented to the Chambers or to some specialized authorities for their opinion, and it happens that the phrase (this action occurred by divine decree and destiny) is placed in the report or scene, considering that divine will is above everything . My question here, for which we wish to receive a satisfactory answer from Your Eminence to serve as a legal basis in the face of some people’s refusal to place such a phrase as we mentioned earlier, is: Is this phrase (this action or matter occurred by divine decree and destiny) to be placed only on matters in which humans have no hand, or is it to be placed in all cases, with the apparent or worldly cause mentioned afterwards. And as we thank Your Eminence for your religious concern, we ask Allah the Exalted and Mighty to reward you with the best reward for us and for the Muslims. And may peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
After the Committee’s study of the question, it answered as follows: Everything is by divine decree and destiny, as He the Exalted said:
Indeed, all things We created with predestination.
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍAnd the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Everything is by decree - even incapacity and ability
كل شيء بقدر حتى العجز والكيس
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.