What is the difference between qada' and qadar?
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The questioner : What is the difference between qada' and qadar? I hope for your guidance.
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and I send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment:
Qada' and qadar are two synonymous names. If they are used separately, they mean the same thing. If they are used together, qada' is what Allah decrees, meaning He rules that it will happen, and qadar is what Allah the Exalted wrote in eternity.
Know that qada' is divided into two types: legislative qada' and cosmic qada'.
Legislative qada' relates to what Allah loves and is pleased with, such as His saying:[Al-Isra 17:23].
Cosmic qada' relates to what Allah has decreed, whether it is what He is pleased with or what He is not pleased with. Among this is His saying:[Al-Isra 17:4].
Belief in qadar is one of the six pillars of faith that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) explained when Jibril asked him about faith. He said:Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2610Sahih (Darussalam).
Its essence is that you believe that what has befallen you could not have missed you, and what has missed you could not have befallen you. So, what Allah has decreed for you must happen no matter what causes you work, and what Allah has removed from you cannot happen no matter what the causes are. For this reason, the believers used to say: "O Allah, there is no one who can prevent what You have given, and there is no one who can give what You have withheld".
The questioner : May Allah bless you.
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and I send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment:
Qada' and qadar are two synonymous names. If they are used separately, they mean the same thing. If they are used together, qada' is what Allah decrees, meaning He rules that it will happen, and qadar is what Allah the Exalted wrote in eternity.
Know that qada' is divided into two types: legislative qada' and cosmic qada'.
Legislative qada' relates to what Allah loves and is pleased with, such as His saying:
And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment
وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًاCosmic qada' relates to what Allah has decreed, whether it is what He is pleased with or what He is not pleased with. Among this is His saying:
And We conveyed to the Children of Israel in the Scripture that, "You will surely cause corruption on the earth twice, and you will surely reach [a degree of] great haughtiness.
وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَى بَنِي إسْرائِيلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الأَرْضِ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَلَتَعْلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًاBelief in qadar is one of the six pillars of faith that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) explained when Jibril asked him about faith. He said:
To believe in Allah, His Angels, His, Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgement, and Al-Qadar, the good of it and the bad of it.
أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، والقدر خيره وشرهIts essence is that you believe that what has befallen you could not have missed you, and what has missed you could not have befallen you. So, what Allah has decreed for you must happen no matter what causes you work, and what Allah has removed from you cannot happen no matter what the causes are. For this reason, the believers used to say: "O Allah, there is no one who can prevent what You have given, and there is no one who can give what You have withheld".
The questioner : May Allah bless you.