Indeed, Allah has overlooked for my nation error and forgetfulness
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The fifth question of Fatwa No. (4246):
Q5: What is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan al-Bayhaqi 10:2332?
Volume 5: This hadith was narrated by Ibn Majah from Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and it was narrated by al-Tabarani in [al-Mu'jam al-Kabir] and by al-Hakim in [al-Mustadrak], both from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Al-Hakim said: It is authentic according to the conditions of both of them, and Abu Hatim said: It is not established. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar transmitted this from him in [Bulugh al-Maram]. It was also narrated by al-Tabarani in [al-Mu'jam al-Kabir] from Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but with a weak chain, as stated by al-Haythami in [Majma' al-Zawa'id]. The error here is the opposite of intention, and forgetfulness is the opposite of remembrance and retention. Its meaning is that Allah the Exalted honored His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in his Ummah by not holding any of them accountable if they commit a prohibited act or leave an obligatory act due to error or forgetfulness, such that they are not sinful in the judgment of the Exalted. As for making up what was missed from the obligations or forgotten, and what is required regarding the commission of prohibited acts, that returns to the detailed evidence. Some rulings may be obligatory, such as blood money and expiation for killing by mistake, and making up what was forgotten or erred in, such as the prostration for forgetfulness and making up a forgotten prayer, and the penalty
The penalty for hunting in the Haram or its expiation, or nothing may be required, such as making up a fast if a person of legal age breaks it while forgetting, or the expiation for breaking an oath if one breaks it while forgetting. Likewise, the one who is coerced and has no ability to escape except by doing what he is coerced to do from the prohibited acts bears no sin in doing what he is coerced to do, as long as his heart is at peace with faith and he disapproves of the prohibited acts he is coerced to do, without considering them permissible. Except for coercion by killing to kill, in which case he sins by killing the one he is coerced to kill; because that involves making the killing of another a ransom for his own life. As for coercion to leave an obligatory act, he bears no sin in leaving it, but he must perform it after the obstacle is removed, according to what the evidence requires. And success is from Allah. May Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Q5: What is the meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Allah has overlooked for my Ummah error, forgetfulness, and what they are coerced to do
إن الله تجاوز لي عن أمتي الخطأ والنسيان وما استكرهوا عليهVolume 5: This hadith was narrated by Ibn Majah from Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and it was narrated by al-Tabarani in [al-Mu'jam al-Kabir] and by al-Hakim in [al-Mustadrak], both from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Al-Hakim said: It is authentic according to the conditions of both of them, and Abu Hatim said: It is not established. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar transmitted this from him in [Bulugh al-Maram]. It was also narrated by al-Tabarani in [al-Mu'jam al-Kabir] from Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but with a weak chain, as stated by al-Haythami in [Majma' al-Zawa'id]. The error here is the opposite of intention, and forgetfulness is the opposite of remembrance and retention. Its meaning is that Allah the Exalted honored His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in his Ummah by not holding any of them accountable if they commit a prohibited act or leave an obligatory act due to error or forgetfulness, such that they are not sinful in the judgment of the Exalted. As for making up what was missed from the obligations or forgotten, and what is required regarding the commission of prohibited acts, that returns to the detailed evidence. Some rulings may be obligatory, such as blood money and expiation for killing by mistake, and making up what was forgotten or erred in, such as the prostration for forgetfulness and making up a forgotten prayer, and the penalty
The penalty for hunting in the Haram or its expiation, or nothing may be required, such as making up a fast if a person of legal age breaks it while forgetting, or the expiation for breaking an oath if one breaks it while forgetting. Likewise, the one who is coerced and has no ability to escape except by doing what he is coerced to do from the prohibited acts bears no sin in doing what he is coerced to do, as long as his heart is at peace with faith and he disapproves of the prohibited acts he is coerced to do, without considering them permissible. Except for coercion by killing to kill, in which case he sins by killing the one he is coerced to kill; because that involves making the killing of another a ransom for his own life. As for coercion to leave an obligatory act, he bears no sin in leaving it, but he must perform it after the obstacle is removed, according to what the evidence requires. And success is from Allah. May Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.