The ruling on declaring a Muslim a disbeliever for committing one of the sins
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The first question of Fatwa No. ( 5003 ):
Q1: What is the ruling in Islam regarding one who declares a Muslim a disbeliever? A group has appeared in Egypt that declares a Muslim a disbeliever on the basis that he has committed one of the sins other than associating partners with Allah. Does committing sins and committing a major sin necessitate declaring its perpetrator a disbeliever, even though he affirms the two testimonies of faith?
A1: Major sins vary in their obscenity and the magnitude of their crime: some are shirk (associating partners with Allah), and some are not shirk. The position of the people of the Sunnah and the community is that they do not declare a Muslim a disbeliever for any of these except shirk: such as killing a soul, drinking intoxicants, committing unlawful sexual intercourse, theft, consuming the wealth of orphans, falsely accusing chaste believing women, consuming usury or interest, and the like of major sins. However, the one in authority imposes upon him the punishment for the sins he committed, whether retaliation in kind, a fixed Qur'anic punishment, or a discretionary punishment. He must repent and seek forgiveness. As for major sins such as calling for aid from other than
Allah, such as supplicating to the dead to remove distress, making vows to the dead, and slaughtering for them, these major sins and their like are major shirk. It is obligatory to clarify this to the one who commits it and to establish the proof against him. If he repents after the clarification, his repentance is accepted; otherwise, the one in authority of the Muslims kills him for his apostasy. And success is from Allah. May Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.