The conditions for invalidating the fast.

The Shaykh : Now, know, O brothers, that these seven things that invalidate the fast do not invalidate it except with three conditions. Listen to them. They do not invalidate the fast except with three conditions: The first is that one must be aware. The second is that one must be mindful. The third is that one must do it intentionally. The conditions are three: that one is aware, that one is mindful, and that one is intentional.
The opposite of knowledge is ignorance. And ignorance is of two types: either ignorance of the legal ruling, or ignorance of the time. Either ignorance of the legal ruling, or ignorance of the time. And if either of these occurs, there is no sin on the fasting person, nor making up the fast, nor expiation. Listen. How many types is ignorance? Two types: ignorance of the legal ruling, and ignorance of the time. If a person is ignorant of the legal ruling, like a man who masturbates, for example, and he does not know that masturbation is forbidden during fasting. What do we say: did he invalidate his fast or not? No. Good. A man vomited intentionally. But he did not know that it invalidates the fast. What do we say? His fast is valid. Good. A man ate and drank thinking it was still night, but it was after dawn. Is his fast valid? Valid. A man had clouds in the sky. He had clouds and no watch with him. So he thought the sun had set, so he broke his fast. But the sun came out from behind the clouds. Is his fast valid or invalid? Yes. His fast is valid, because he was ignorant of what? Ignorant of the time. A man heard a mu'adhdhin on the radio and thought it was the mu'adhdhin of his neighborhood—meaning the mu'adhdhin of the street—so he broke his fast. But the mu'adhdhin of the neighborhood called to prayer after that. His fast is valid, because he was ignorant of what? The time.
Someone might say: What is the evidence that the fast is valid with ignorance? That the fast is valid with ignorance. And Allah the Exalted says: ? We said: Praise be to Allah, we have evidence:
First: The saying of Allah Blessed and Exalted is He: . What did Allah say? He said: . We will not hold you accountable if you forget or make a mistake. And a mistake is ignorance.
Second: 'Adi ibn Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) read the saying of Allah the Exalted: . Do you know what he did? He brought two ropes—the kind used to tie a camel—one black and one white. And he put them under his pillow. And he kept eating and drinking while the light in the sky was bright. But up to that point, the black rope had not been distinguished from the white one. When the black rope was distinguished from the white one, he stopped. He understood from the verse that the white thread means the white rope, and the black thread means the black rope. So did he know the meaning of the verse or was he ignorant? He was ignorant. He came in the morning and informed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So he said to him: If the white and black threads are under the pillow, is it wide or not wide? Wide, the width of the horizon. Yes? So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) explained to him that it is the whiteness of the day and the darkness of the night, and he did not order him to make up the fast. Why? Because he was ignorant of what? The ruling. He thought that was the meaning of the verse. Ignorance of the time. Listen: روت أسماء بنت أبي بكر رضي الله عنهما أنهم كانوا في يوم غيم يوم غيم فأفطروا. ثم طلعت الشمس لأن ما عندهم ساعات ولا يعرفون الوقت إلا بالشمس. ولعل الغيم كان شديداً متكاثفاً . المهم أنهم أفطروا ثم طلعت الشمس. ولم يأمرهم النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم بالقضاء. ولو كان القضاء واجباً لأمرهم به. ولو أمرهم به لنقل إلينا ، لأنه إذا أمر به كان من الشريعة. والشريعة لابد أن تنقل إلينا تامة. تبين الآن أنه لابد أن يكون إيش؟ عالماً. فإن كان جاهلاً فلا شيء عليه. ذاكرا ما ضده؟ ذاكرا. ويش ضد ذاكرا؟ النسيان. إذا أكل أو شرب ناسياً فلا شيء عليه. اسمع كلام الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام في نفس المسألة. قال : من نسي وهو صائم فأكل أو شرب فليتم صومه فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه . اللهم لك الحمد. من نسي وهو صائم فأكل أو شرب فليتم صومه فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه . الكلام فليتم صومه إشارة إلى أن الصوم لم يحصل فيه نقص ولا فساد. ثم علل - يعني بين الحكمة وإيش السبب - قال : إنما أطعمه الله وسقاه لأنه ما تعمد إنما أطعمه الله وسقاه . الشيء بالشيء يذكر. قال أحد التلاميذ وهو في قاعة الاختبار : إنه يكتب الجواب فسمع شخصاً يعلِّم تلميذاً إلى جانبه يعلمه بالجواب. يسأل هذا التلميذ يقول : هل يجوز إني أكتب الجواب وأنا سمعته؟ ماذا تقولون؟ أنتم فاهمين السؤال ولا ما فهمتوه؟ ها تلميذ على الماسة يكتب الجواب ولا يريد الغش بأي حال من الأحوال. لكن سمع شخصاً يقول لجاره : الجواب كذا وكذا. والجواب صح. هل يجوز أن ينقل الجواب وإلا ما يجوز؟ نقول : إنما علمه الله؟ هذا رزق جاء بدون تعب. فلا حرج يكتب الجواب. حتى لو فرض أنه لم يكن يعرفه يكتب الجواب ، لأنه ما حاول الغش ولا غش. فيصح. طيب. بقي علينا من الشروط إيش؟ الشرط الثالث : أن يكون عامداً. إذا لم يكن عامداً فلا شيء عليه. دليل ذلك قوله تعالى : وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ . وهذا ما تعمد. إذا لم يتعمد فلا شيء عليه. مثاله ، له أمثلة : إنسان يستنشق في الوضوء فنزل الماء من خياشيمه إلى معدته. أيفطر أو لا؟ يفطر؟ ليش؟ غير متعمد. إنسان يتمضمض فنزل الماء إلى بطنه. أيفطر؟ لا. لا. هذا لا يفطر ، لأنه غير متعمد. والله عز وجل يقول : لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ . هذه الشروط الثلاثة لابد من مراعاتها حتى لا يفسد الإنسان عبادة عباد الله وهي غير فاسدة. - انتبه يا أخي -. كما لا يجوز لنا أن نتساهل لا يجوز أن نشدد. يعني بعض الناس يقول : شدد لا تفتح للناس جاهل ما جاهل. مو صحيح هذا. كما لا يجوز لنا أن نتساهل فيما أوجب الله ، لا يجوز لنا أن نتشدد. دين الله بين الغالي فيه والجافي عنه. هذا ما يتعلق بالصيام. وأرجو الله تعالى أن ينفعني وإياكم به.
ولكن يا إخوان احفظوا صيامكم. صونوه عن القول قول الزور، عن عمل الزور، عن العدوان على الناس. ابتعدوا عن الغيبة. أكثروا في الصيام من قراءة القرآن ، ومن الذكر، ومن الصلاة في غير أوقات النهي ، حتى يكون صومكم على وجه يرضى الله جل وعلا به. Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that they were on a cloudy day, a very cloudy day, so they broke their fast. Then the sun came out, because they did not have clocks and did not know the time except by the sun. Perhaps the clouds were heavy and thick. The point is that they broke their fast, and then the sun came out. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) did not order them to make up the fast. If making up the fast had been obligatory, he would have ordered them to do so. And if he had ordered them to do so, it would have been transmitted to us, because if he ordered it, it would be part of the Shari'ah. And the Shari'ah must be transmitted to us in its entirety. It is now clear that one must be what? Aware. If one is ignorant, then he owes nothing. Remembering, what is its opposite? Remembering. What is the opposite of remembering? Forgetting. So if one eats or drinks while forgetting, he owes nothing. Listen to the words of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) in this very issue. He said: "Whoever forgets while fasting and eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for it is only that Allah has fed him and given him drink." May Allah be praised. "Whoever forgets while fasting and eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for it is only that Allah has fed him and given him drink." The phrase "let him complete his fast" indicates that there was no deficiency or invalidity in the fast. Then he explained the wisdom and the reason, saying: "It is only that Allah has fed him and given him drink," because he did not do it intentionally; it was only that Allah fed him and given him drink. One thing reminds one of another. A student said, while in the examination hall: "I am writing the answer, and I heard a person teaching the student next to him, telling him the answer. This student asks: Is it permissible for me to write the answer if I heard it? What do you say? Do you understand the question or not? A student is sitting in the exam, writing the answer, and does not want to cheat in any way. But he heard a person say to his neighbor: 'The answer is such and such.' And the answer is correct. Is it permissible for him to write the answer, or is it not permissible? We say: It is only that Allah taught him? This is a provision that came without effort. So there is no blame on him for writing the answer. Even if it were assumed that he did not know it, he writes the answer, because he did not attempt to cheat and did not cheat. So it is valid. Good. What remains for us of the conditions? The third condition: that one be intentional. If one is not intentional, he owes nothing. The evidence for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And there is no blame on you for what you have erred in, but what your hearts have intended." And this was not intentional. If one does not intend it, he owes nothing. For example, there are examples: A person sniffs water during ablution and the water goes from his nostrils to his stomach. Does he break his fast or not? Does he break it? Why? He was not intentional. A person rinses his mouth and the water goes to his stomach. Does he break his fast? No. No. This does not break the fast, because he was not intentional. And Allah Mighty and Majestic says: "And there is no blame on you for what you have erred in, but what your hearts have intended." These three conditions must be observed so that a person does not invalidate his worship, O servants of Allah, when it is not invalid. - Be careful, my brother -. Just as it is not permissible for us to be lenient, it is not permissible for us to be strict. I mean, some people say: "Be strict, do not open the door for people, whether ignorant or not." This is not correct. Just as it is not permissible for us to be lenient in what Allah has made obligatory, it is not permissible for us to be strict. The religion of Allah is between the one who goes to extremes in it and the one who turns away from it. This is what concerns fasting. And I hope that Allah the Exalted will make it beneficial for me and for you. But, O brothers, guard your fasting. Protect it from false speech, from false deeds, from aggression against people. Stay away from backbiting. Increase in fasting the recitation of the Qur'an, and the remembrance of Allah, and prayer at times other than the prohibited times, so that your fasting is in a manner that pleases Allah, Exalted and Majestic.