Discussion of the chain of narration of the hadith of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her)

The Shaykh : We resume with the following hadith. It was narrated with its chain, and I do not say "authentic" because there is a man in it about whom there is discussion, but this hadith is among the hadiths that require precision in tracing its sources. Although I feel that discussing this tracing is not of the greatest benefit, I feel that there may be some women among you who care about this matter. This hadith that you may hear contains two stories: the first story is the condemnation by the Messenger of a man who asked permission to enter upon him, and the second story is the praise by the Messenger of another man who asked permission to enter upon him. The first story is in "Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim," while the second story is not in "Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim," but rather in this book, "Al-Adab al-Mufrad" by al-Bukhari, with a chain that includes Muhammad ibn Fulayh, who said: "Our father narrated to us from Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman." These three—Muhammad ibn Fulayh, his father, and Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman—are all criticized regarding their memorization. One of them added to this hadith what is not part of it. The authentic hadith is as I will read it: Aisha said: "A man asked permission to enter upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'What a bad son of a kin group.' When he entered, he smiled at him and was expansive with him." Up to this point, the hadith is authentic. Its completion is: "When the man left, another asked permission. This part is weak." He said: "Yes, a good son of a kin group. When he entered, he was not expansive with him as he was with the other, and he did not smile at him as he did with the other." When he left, I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I said to so-and-so, then I smiled at him and was expansive with him, and I said to so-and-so—meaning the righteous, good man—'What a good man so-and-so is,' yet I did not see you do with him what you did with the other, meaning you did not smile at him or be expansive with him, meaning you did not criticize him." He said (peace and blessings be upon him): يا عائشة ، إنَّ من شرِّ الناس مَن اتُّقِيَ لِفُحشه 'A'isha, the worst of people are those who are feared on account of their bad language.Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 338 This is the context of the hadith in this book. As for in the two Sahihs, this context does not include the story of the first man and Aisha's words to the Messenger (peace be upon him): When he asked permission, I said: بئسَ أخو العشيرة هو What a bad brother of the clan he is, and when he entered, you smiled at him and were expansive with him! And the words of the Messenger (peace be upon him) to Aisha: إنَّ من شرِّ الناس مَن اتُّقِيَ لِفُحشِه the worst of people are those who are feared on account of their bad languageAl-Adab Al-Mufrad 338; therefore, we cannot say this hadith is entirely authentic, nor can we say it is entirely weak, but rather its first half is authentic and its second half is not authentic. However, this specification is not precise, because the last sentence: إنَّ من شرِّ الناس مَن اتُّقِيَ لِفُحشِه the worst of people are those who are feared on account of their bad languageAl-Adab Al-Mufrad 338 is related to the story of the first man. So now, I will summarize the authentic hadith: If any of you is writing, the authentic hadith now is as follows: A man asked permission to enter upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What a bad son of a kin group." When he entered, he smiled at him and was expansive with him. When he left, I said—the speaker is Aisha: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, I said to him such and such, then I smiled at him." He said: يا عائشة ، إنَّ من شرِّ الناس من اتُّقِيَ لِفُحشِه 'A'isha, the worst of people are those who are feared on account of their bad language.Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 338 This amount that is read is authentic. Now, look at the confusion and the haphazard tracing. My book, or my copy, or my edition, edited by Muhammad Fu'ad Abd al-Baqi, states: "He verified its texts, arranged its chapters and hadiths, and commented on it, Muhammad Fu'ad Abd al-Baqi." The commentator said: "The hadith is excerpted: al-Bukhari narrated it in Book 78, Al-Adab, Chapter 38, 'The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not obscene or one who used obscene language,' and Muslim narrated it in Book 45, which is the Book of Kindness, Maintaining Ties, and Manners, Hadith number 48." When the researcher returns to these two books, "Sahih al-Bukhari" and "Sahih Muslim," he finds only the story of the first man and does not find with them the story of the other man, nor with any of the other authors of the six books. This comes from a lack of verification in the research and haste in attributing hadiths to some of their tracers. This is what concerns the detailed statement regarding the reality of this hadith in terms of what is authentic of it and what is not. In the next lesson, if Allah wills, we will speak about something related to the jurisprudence of the hadith.