A woman, for approximately three years: and before she married
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Question: A woman, for approximately three years: and before she married, she vowed to Allah the Exalted to fast the first ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah every year consecutively (and perhaps she intended the nine days) At that time, she did not know that making a vow is disliked, and she did not mention whether she excluded the period after her marriage or delegated the matter to her husband or not, but she is now married, and her husband objects to her fasting because it is voluntary fasting, and it is not permissible for her to fast it without his consent, in addition to her inability to fast due to health issues, so she
asks whether she is obligated to continue with this vow of fasting despite her husband's objection and her poor health condition, or whether she must pay the expiation for an oath and be released from it, or make it up later at a time other than its specified time, scattered, or what should she do?
Answer: First: It should be noted that making a vow is disliked or forbidden to enter into; because it obligates the Muslim to do something he may not be able to do, and it may be difficult for him while he is in a state of ease regarding it.
The Muslim should do good, such as fasting and other acts, without a vow, and be in a state of ease, doing it if he wishes and leaving it if he wishes, but if he makes a vow, he has obligated himself, and it becomes obligatory for him to fulfill his vow if it is a vow of obedience,As he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 6696 ،And by his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): ،And by His saying, Exalted is He: [Al-Insan: 7] .,And by His saying, Exalted is He: [Al-Hajj: 29] ,And by His saying, Exalted is He: [Al-Baqarah: 270] .
And if a vow is made and it is a vow of obedience, it is binding and obligatory to act upon it, but before entering into it, a Muslim should not obligate himself and should not enter into it.
And what the questioner mentioned, that she vowed to fast the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah continuously, this is a vow of obedience, and she is obligated to fulfill it; because she vowed to fast the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, and fasting the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah is obedience, and it is recommended without the vow, so if she vowed it, it became obligatory upon her, so she is obligated to fulfill her vow and fast the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah from
every year as she mentioned, and her husband has no right to prevent her from that; because her husband only prevents her from voluntary fasting, but as for obligatory fasting tied to a specific time, it is not permissible for her husband to prevent her from it, and she vowed to fast these specific days, so she must fulfill that,And if she says: she cannot do so due to health issues, if the intention is that it is difficult for her, this does not prevent the performance of the obligatory act, even if there is difficulty in it, she fasts; because she obligated herself to it, and it is known that fasting involves difficulty even for the strong.
But if her intention is that she cannot fast, then in the year in which she cannot fast due to illness or weakness in the body, she pays the expiation for an oath, but if she becomes strong in another year, it is obligatory for her to fast, and so on.
So it is not permissible for her to leave what she vowed; because she obligated herself to it, and a Muslim should not play with vows, making a vow and obligating himself, and then seeking exits and seeking tricks, this is not permissible; because the vow has become one of the obligations, and it is not permissible to get rid of it without a valid legal justification.
Question: If these days coincide with her menstrual period, does she make them up later and pay expiation, or what does she do?
Answer: If her menstrual period coincides with that time, she is excused from leaving it because this is one of the legal excuses, just as if she were sick, then this is a legal excuse that drops the obligation of fasting these days from her, but if these days come and she has no legal excuse, meaning she is healthy and pure from menstruation, it is obligatory for her.
Question: She vowed to fast the ten days, but is the tenth day not excluded because it is the day of Eid?
Answer: It is known that the tenth day is not included in this, and rather it is said "the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah" by way of predominance.
asks whether she is obligated to continue with this vow of fasting despite her husband's objection and her poor health condition, or whether she must pay the expiation for an oath and be released from it, or make it up later at a time other than its specified time, scattered, or what should she do?
Answer: First: It should be noted that making a vow is disliked or forbidden to enter into; because it obligates the Muslim to do something he may not be able to do, and it may be difficult for him while he is in a state of ease regarding it.
The Muslim should do good, such as fasting and other acts, without a vow, and be in a state of ease, doing it if he wishes and leaving it if he wishes, but if he makes a vow, he has obligated himself, and it becomes obligatory for him to fulfill his vow if it is a vow of obedience,As he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever vows that he will be obedient to Allah, should remain obedient to Him
من نذر أن يطيع الله فليطعهFulfill your vow
أوف بنذركThey fulfill the vow
يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِAnd let them fulfill their vows
وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْAnd whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows - indeed, Allah knows of it
وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُمْ مِنْ نَذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُAnd if a vow is made and it is a vow of obedience, it is binding and obligatory to act upon it, but before entering into it, a Muslim should not obligate himself and should not enter into it.
And what the questioner mentioned, that she vowed to fast the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah continuously, this is a vow of obedience, and she is obligated to fulfill it; because she vowed to fast the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, and fasting the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah is obedience, and it is recommended without the vow, so if she vowed it, it became obligatory upon her, so she is obligated to fulfill her vow and fast the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah from
every year as she mentioned, and her husband has no right to prevent her from that; because her husband only prevents her from voluntary fasting, but as for obligatory fasting tied to a specific time, it is not permissible for her husband to prevent her from it, and she vowed to fast these specific days, so she must fulfill that,And if she says: she cannot do so due to health issues, if the intention is that it is difficult for her, this does not prevent the performance of the obligatory act, even if there is difficulty in it, she fasts; because she obligated herself to it, and it is known that fasting involves difficulty even for the strong.
But if her intention is that she cannot fast, then in the year in which she cannot fast due to illness or weakness in the body, she pays the expiation for an oath, but if she becomes strong in another year, it is obligatory for her to fast, and so on.
So it is not permissible for her to leave what she vowed; because she obligated herself to it, and a Muslim should not play with vows, making a vow and obligating himself, and then seeking exits and seeking tricks, this is not permissible; because the vow has become one of the obligations, and it is not permissible to get rid of it without a valid legal justification.
Question: If these days coincide with her menstrual period, does she make them up later and pay expiation, or what does she do?
Answer: If her menstrual period coincides with that time, she is excused from leaving it because this is one of the legal excuses, just as if she were sick, then this is a legal excuse that drops the obligation of fasting these days from her, but if these days come and she has no legal excuse, meaning she is healthy and pure from menstruation, it is obligatory for her.
Question: She vowed to fast the ten days, but is the tenth day not excluded because it is the day of Eid?
Answer: It is known that the tenth day is not included in this, and rather it is said "the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah" by way of predominance.