The Prayer of the Traveler When He Catches the Final Tashahhud Behind a Resident Imam
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If a man is traveling and joins a four-rak'ah prayer while the imam is a resident, and he is in the final tashahhud, does he complete the four-rak'ah prayer, or does he pray two rak'ahs based on the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): “Whoever catches one rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer” ?
First: You and your brother said the taslim before asking the question, and this is not in accordance with the Sunnah; because the Companions, when they sat with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in a gathering, did not say the taslim when asking a question. But whoever was to leave said the taslim. Most people now, as you mentioned, say the taslim when they want to ask a question, and this is not prescribed.
As for a traveler who catches a resident imam in the final tashahhud, we say: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Pray what you catch, and make up what you missed” . So here, he caught the final tashahhud,We say: he prayed the final tashahhud with the imam and missed four rak'ahs, so he makes up four rak'ahs,And as for the hadith you referred to: “Whoever catches one rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer” . This is regarding catching the congregation, not regarding a person making up what he missed, and there is a difference between the two,The generality of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): “Pray what you catch, and make up what you missed” includes this case, which is when the traveler catches the resident imam in the final tashahhud,So we say: pray the final tashahhud and make up what you missed.
First: You and your brother said the taslim before asking the question, and this is not in accordance with the Sunnah; because the Companions, when they sat with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in a gathering, did not say the taslim when asking a question. But whoever was to leave said the taslim. Most people now, as you mentioned, say the taslim when they want to ask a question, and this is not prescribed.
As for a traveler who catches a resident imam in the final tashahhud, we say: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Pray what you catch, and make up what you missed” . So here, he caught the final tashahhud,We say: he prayed the final tashahhud with the imam and missed four rak'ahs, so he makes up four rak'ahs,And as for the hadith you referred to: “Whoever catches one rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer” . This is regarding catching the congregation, not regarding a person making up what he missed, and there is a difference between the two,The generality of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): “Pray what you catch, and make up what you missed” includes this case, which is when the traveler catches the resident imam in the final tashahhud,So we say: pray the final tashahhud and make up what you missed.