The Ruling on a Person Praying an Obligatory Prayer Following a Person Praying a Voluntary Prayer
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His Eminence the Shaykh: If a person is performing the regular voluntary prayer (rawatib) after Maghrib and another person joins him, assuming that he is praying the obligatory prayer, should the imam recite aloud? And is the recitation aloud prescribed, and is the congregation prescribed?
As for the opinion of those who hold that it is not permissible for a person praying a voluntary prayer to lead a person praying an obligatory prayer, it is not permissible for him to join him; because if he joins him, his prayer is invalid.
And as for the stronger position: It is permissible for the imam to be praying a voluntary prayer while the follower is praying an obligatory prayer, so there is no harm in joining him. In that case, he should recite aloud in order to obtain the recommended practice (sunnah) for his brother who joined him, and if he recites quietly, there is no blame on him.
As for the opinion of those who hold that it is not permissible for a person praying a voluntary prayer to lead a person praying an obligatory prayer, it is not permissible for him to join him; because if he joins him, his prayer is invalid.
And as for the stronger position: It is permissible for the imam to be praying a voluntary prayer while the follower is praying an obligatory prayer, so there is no harm in joining him. In that case, he should recite aloud in order to obtain the recommended practice (sunnah) for his brother who joined him, and if he recites quietly, there is no blame on him.