On Whom the Pilgrimage to the House of Allah is Obligatory
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For whom is the Hajj an individual obligation?
It becomes an individual obligation on one who possesses five attributes: Islam, sanity, maturity, freedom, and the ability to perform it.
As for Islam: For the disbeliever, the Hajj is not obligatory, nor is it valid from him;Because we say to him: he must first embrace Islam, and then perform the Hajj second. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Mu'adh to Yemen, he said: "Let the first thing you call them to be: the testimony that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah".
Based on that: If a man performs the Hajj while not praying, his Hajj is not valid, it is not accepted from him, and it does not suffice for him. When he prays, he enters into Islam,And at that time we say: it is obligatory for you to perform the Hajj,When he says: he has already performed the Hajj,We say: Yes.
but you performed it in a state where the Hajj is not valid from you; because you performed it while you were an apostate.
Also: It is not permissible for you to enter the boundaries of the sacred precinct of Makkah, because it is not permissible for a disbeliever to enter the boundaries of the sacred precinct of Makkah. He is sinful from the moment he enters until he exits, sinful with a sin greater than the sin of disbelief. This is a matter that few are aware of, so it is obligatory to be alert to this issue,And that it be said to one who is known not to pray: O so-and-so! Do not trouble yourself, for your Hajj is not accepted and does not suffice. If Allah guides you to Islam and you return and pray, it becomes obligatory for you to perform the Hajj, because the first Hajj did not suffice, so the obligation is not dropped by it.
The second: Sanity, and its opposite is insanity. So the insane person is not obligated to perform the Hajj, and it is not performed on his behalf, even if he has a great deal of wealth,For example: that his father may have left him an inheritance, but he is insane, so there is no Hajj on him, and the Hajj is not valid from him, and it is not performed on his behalf; because he is insane.
And the third: Maturity, and its opposite is youth. So the young child is not obligated to perform the Hajj, but if he performs it, his Hajj is valid,From the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): (A woman brought a child to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: Is there a Hajj for this one?He said: Yes.
and you have a reward) but it does not suffice for him,Meaning: that when he reaches maturity, he must perform the Hajj of Islam.
The fourth: Freedom means: that a person is not a slave owned by another. So the owned slave has no Hajj obligation on him, but if he performs it, his Hajj is valid. Does it suffice for the obligatory one or not?There is scholarly disagreement on this matter: Some of them said: it suffices for him,And some of them said: it does not suffice for him.
The fifth: The ability to perform it,By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He): [Al-Imran: 97] that a person has wealth in excess of his needs and his debts, and is able in his body. Here, the Hajj is obligatory upon him, and he must hasten to perform the Hajj and not delay; because the commands of Allah the Exalted are immediate unless there is evidence indicating delay, and because a person does not know what may befall him. He may be able this year and unable the next year, and he may die. So he must hasten and not delay.
Of the ability to perform it: that a woman must have a mahram. So if she does not find a mahram, there is no Hajj obligation on her. And if she performs it, she is sinful. If she dies while she is wealthy and able, but she does not have a mahram, is she held accountable for that or not?Answer: She is not held accountable; because she is unable to reach the house, who prevented her? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented her, saying: (A woman should not travel except with a mahram) What do you say—may Allah not will anything but good—if an enemy on the road to Makkah were to prevent people, would it be obligatory for a person to perform Hajj?Answer: No.
He is not obligated. So if the preventing enemy is a physical reality, the obligation of the Hajj is dropped by it, so the preventing factor in the Shari'ah drops the obligation of the Hajj. So let the woman who does not find a mahram be at ease, and let her be reassured, and let her know that Allah will not hold her accountable for leaving the Hajj, because she is not able in the Shari'ah.
It becomes an individual obligation on one who possesses five attributes: Islam, sanity, maturity, freedom, and the ability to perform it.
As for Islam: For the disbeliever, the Hajj is not obligatory, nor is it valid from him;Because we say to him: he must first embrace Islam, and then perform the Hajj second. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Mu'adh to Yemen, he said: "Let the first thing you call them to be: the testimony that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah".
Based on that: If a man performs the Hajj while not praying, his Hajj is not valid, it is not accepted from him, and it does not suffice for him. When he prays, he enters into Islam,And at that time we say: it is obligatory for you to perform the Hajj,When he says: he has already performed the Hajj,We say: Yes.
but you performed it in a state where the Hajj is not valid from you; because you performed it while you were an apostate.
Also: It is not permissible for you to enter the boundaries of the sacred precinct of Makkah, because it is not permissible for a disbeliever to enter the boundaries of the sacred precinct of Makkah. He is sinful from the moment he enters until he exits, sinful with a sin greater than the sin of disbelief. This is a matter that few are aware of, so it is obligatory to be alert to this issue,And that it be said to one who is known not to pray: O so-and-so! Do not trouble yourself, for your Hajj is not accepted and does not suffice. If Allah guides you to Islam and you return and pray, it becomes obligatory for you to perform the Hajj, because the first Hajj did not suffice, so the obligation is not dropped by it.
The second: Sanity, and its opposite is insanity. So the insane person is not obligated to perform the Hajj, and it is not performed on his behalf, even if he has a great deal of wealth,For example: that his father may have left him an inheritance, but he is insane, so there is no Hajj on him, and the Hajj is not valid from him, and it is not performed on his behalf; because he is insane.
And the third: Maturity, and its opposite is youth. So the young child is not obligated to perform the Hajj, but if he performs it, his Hajj is valid,From the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): (A woman brought a child to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: Is there a Hajj for this one?He said: Yes.
and you have a reward) but it does not suffice for him,Meaning: that when he reaches maturity, he must perform the Hajj of Islam.
The fourth: Freedom means: that a person is not a slave owned by another. So the owned slave has no Hajj obligation on him, but if he performs it, his Hajj is valid. Does it suffice for the obligatory one or not?There is scholarly disagreement on this matter: Some of them said: it suffices for him,And some of them said: it does not suffice for him.
The fifth: The ability to perform it,By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He):
And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way
وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاًOf the ability to perform it: that a woman must have a mahram. So if she does not find a mahram, there is no Hajj obligation on her. And if she performs it, she is sinful. If she dies while she is wealthy and able, but she does not have a mahram, is she held accountable for that or not?Answer: She is not held accountable; because she is unable to reach the house, who prevented her? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented her, saying: (A woman should not travel except with a mahram) What do you say—may Allah not will anything but good—if an enemy on the road to Makkah were to prevent people, would it be obligatory for a person to perform Hajj?Answer: No.
He is not obligated. So if the preventing enemy is a physical reality, the obligation of the Hajj is dropped by it, so the preventing factor in the Shari'ah drops the obligation of the Hajj. So let the woman who does not find a mahram be at ease, and let her be reassured, and let her know that Allah will not hold her accountable for leaving the Hajj, because she is not able in the Shari'ah.