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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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What is the ruling on making up the regular voluntary prayers?

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The questioner : Who restricts this to certain sunnahs? And I do not know about the authenticity of the narration; is it the Battle of Hunayn? ... - peace and blessings be upon him - was it specific to him alone? Is this a matter of...?
...

The Shaykh : The answer is that voluntary prayers include the rawatib; that is, those timed with the obligatory prayers, and they include absolute voluntary prayers. The question does not apply to absolute voluntary prayers; rather, the question regarding making up sunnahs applies to the rawatib sunnahs. In that case, it is said: Are they made up or not? Are they all made up, or only some of them? What I understand from the totality of what has been reported on this subject is the following detail:
If a person missed a sunnah or one of these sunnahs, and he was determined to perform it in its time, and he did not leave it out of laziness or negligence; then he makes up that sunnah, and there is no difference in that between one sunnah and another. If we take the strongest of the sunnahs - and peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you ... - if we take the strongest of the sunnahs, which are the sunnah of Fajr and the sunnah of Witr, we would find that for each of the two sunnahs, there is what indicates the legitimacy of making them up. As for the sunnah of Fajr, it is reported in "Sunan al-Tirmidhi" and "Musnad Imam Ahmad" and others that the Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - concluded the Fajr prayer one day, and he saw a man standing to pray, so he said to him:
Two prayers together?! أصلاتان معًا ؟!
or he said to him - the doubt is from me - :
Are the morning prayers four?! آلصبح أربعًا ؟!
. When the man concluded his prayer, he said: O Messenger of Allah, I entered the mosque while you were praying, and I had not yet prayed the two rak'ahs of Fajr; so these are them. The Messenger - peace and blessings be upon him - approved him for that, so we took two benefits from this hadith:
The first: It relates to the question; that is, it is permissible to make up the sunnah of Fajr.
And the other benefit: That this making up is permissible even in a time of dislike; for you all know the saying of the Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him -
There is no prayer after Fajr until the sun has risen, and there is no prayer after the ‘Asr until the sun has set. لا صلاة بعد الفجر حتى تطلع الشمس ، ولا صلاة بعد العصر حتى تغرب الشَّمس
Sunan Ibn Majah 1250Sahih (Darussalam)
; so this hadith is a text regarding making up the confirmed regular sunnah, the most strongly confirmed, which is the sunnah of Fajr.
Then we move to Witr, which is like the sunnah of Fajr in that it is the most confirmed of the sunnahs; to the extent that the Hanafis stated the obligation of Witr over the other sunnahs. So when we move to the sunnah of Witr, we find an explicit text from his saying - peace and blessings be upon him - - and peace be upon you - commanding the making up of Witr. He said - may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him - :
Whoever forgets or sleeps through the Witr prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it. من نَسِيَ أو نام عن صلاة الوتر ؛ فليُصلِّها حين يذكرها
, just as he said - may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him - regarding the obligatory prayer:
Whoever forgets a prayer or sleeps through it, let him pray it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it except that. من نَسِيَ صلاة أو نام عنها ؛ فليُصلِّها حين يذكرها ؛ لا كفارة لها إلا ذلك
; so the Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - commanded the making up of this Witr prayer if one forgot it or slept through it.
And finally comes the sunnah of Dhuhr; for it is established in the authentic hadith that the Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - made it up after the 'Asr prayer, and he had not previously prayed anything after the 'Asr prayer; so that was the reason for the question coming from some of his wives - may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him - about this prayer; so he answered - may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him - that the delegation of Abd al-Qays had occupied him with this prayer, so he prayed it after 'Asr. Then the Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - made it a continuous sunnah; for he used to pray after 'Asr, as the Lady Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - said:
The Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - did not enter my house after the 'Asr prayer except that he would pray two rak'ahs. ما دخل النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بيتي بعد صلاة العصر إلا وصلَّى ركعتين
Source www.al-albany.com

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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