The ruling on accepting the narration of a child who has reached the age of discernment after he reaches puberty (and what is the meaning of the word "mutamayyiz"?)

The questioner : Our Shaykh, may Allah keep you safe, what is the meaning of the word "mutamayyiz" (one who distinguishes) among the scholars of hadith when they use it or stipulate a specific condition, especially, I think, in the issue of hearing; because some of them said ... .

The Shaykh : I mean, it implies that he has the cognitive ability. What I understand from this word is that he has the cognitive ability, as if he had reached the age of maturity, but he has not. Puberty may be a condition in many legal rulings, but it is not so in other matters, such as hearing, for example. If he heard a hadith before the age of puberty, and then narrated it after puberty, he should have been a mutamayyiz (one who distinguishes) when he heard the hadith, so that he could distinguish, for example, between the speech of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) when he heard it—that this is the speech of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)—and not like the speech of humans, no matter how high and noble the level of that human may be, but it is not like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This is one type of what is intended by the word "tamyiz" (discernment). For example, some of the jurists, and perhaps the saying of the Prophet (may the prayer and peace of Allah be upon him) did not reach them: to the end of the hadith, so they said, by their own ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) when the hadith of their Prophet did not reach them, that the boy is ordered to pray when he distinguishes his right from his left. This is a type of discernment, and it is not possible to define exactly what is intended by the word "tamyiz" (discernment), because the examples vary in reality. This is what I understand from the word "tamyiz" (discernment).