Is there evidence for raising the voice in the dhikr of praise, glorification, and takbir after the prayer?

The questioner : All right, regarding the dhikr after the imam finishes the prayer, is raising the voice in the glorification, praise, and takbir established?

The Shaykh : For a period of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) life, it was for the purpose of teaching, as Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) stated in Sahih al-Bukhari, that the voice was raised in the takbir. Imam al-Shafi'i said, "This raising of the voice was for the sake of teaching." He said this because the original ruling for dhikr is to keep it quiet and secret, and not to raise the voice, especially after the prayers. This is because, first, there is no obligation for each individual among the worshippers to recite the same set of dhikr as the others. One person might say after the prayer, "There is no god but Allah alone, He has no partner," while another might say, "O Allah, You are Peace and from You comes peace; Blessed are You, O Owner of Majesty and Honor." A third might say, "O Allah, help me to remember You, give thanks to You, and do good in worshipping You." There is no fixed order for these sets of dhikr such that the entire congregation would raise their voices with one of them. If that were the case, confusion would result if some raised their voices with "There is no god but Allah," others with "O Allah, You are Peace," and a third with "O Allah, help me to remember You..." and so on. Confusion is prohibited, and it is a harm to the Muslims that is not permissible. As stated in the authentic hadith, where he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Therefore, the original ruling for all dhikr after the prayers—there is no difference between the glorification, takbir, the supplication "O Allah, You are Peace," and others, and the tasbih, tahmid, and takbir—is that all of it is done quietly. Each individual remembers Allah, supplicates, and glorifies Allah as he wishes, without being obligated to raise his voice, nor is he obligated to follow with his voice the group of people around him.