Is every mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) a kafir (disbeliever), and not every kafir a mushrik, or are they the same?
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The Shaykh : This man, regarding the prevailing idea that shirk (associating partners with Allah) is more specific than kufr (disbelief) and kufr is broader than shirk, meaning that everyone who commits shirk has committed kufr, but not everyone who commits kufr has committed shirk. This is the jurisprudence established in the minds of people, except for a few of them. I clarified this with an example: a man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and who prays and fasts, and so on, but he denies a verse of the Qur'an. Is this kufr or not? It is kufr. Did he commit shirk? He did not commit shirk. No, the correct view is that he committed shirk. Every kafir is a mushrik, and every mushrik is a kafir. There is absolutely no difference between the two terms. This is the reality that led me to clarify it. The hadith of that wrongdoer in his will: "Indeed, he committed kufr. Indeed, he committed shirk." Everyone who commits kufr has committed shirk, and everyone who commits shirk has committed kufr. There is no doubt in that. The evidence for this, if we recall the dialogue between the believer and the disbeliever in Surat al-Kahf: [Al-Kahf 18:32-35] Pay attention now [Al-Kahf 18:35-36] According to your previous concept, is this kufr or shirk? It is kufr according to your previous concept. Your incorrect concept: this is kufr, and he did not commit shirk. He denied the resurrection and the rising.
[Al-Kahf 18:35-42] So, when he denied the resurrection and the rising, he associated partners with Allah. Therefore, everyone who disbelieves in something that came in the Book or in the Sunnah is, in his state of disbelief, a mushrik. This is from the perspective of the Qur'anic text. What is the intellectual and rational aspect? The answer is that Allah the Exalted said: So, everyone who disbelieves in any type of disbelief becomes a mushrik with Allah because he made his own mind a partner with his Lord. Therefore, do not distinguish between kufr and shirk. If you know this reality, a problem that sometimes arises in the mind of some who hear the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in its two narrations Sahih Ibn Hibban 9:19 Sahih Ibn Hibban 9:19 will be resolved. How is this? For the one who distinguishes between kufr and shirk, the word "ashraka" (associated) causes difficulty for him. The correct view is to say "kafara" (disbelieved). Similarly, the other hadith: Riyad as-Salihin 1711 Sunan Abi Dawud 3251Sahih (Al-Albani) Disbelieved, associated; associated, disbelieved. There is no difference between the two terms from the perspective of the legal terminology. From the perspective of the linguistic terminology, there is certainly a difference. But the Shari'ah opened our insights, our thoughts, and our understandings. Why does everyone who disbelieves in Allah (Mighty and Majestic), in any type of disbelief, become a mushrik? Because he associated his mind with his Lord (Mighty and Majestic), making it a partner in what issues from him of decisions and judgments.
(32) And present to them an example of two men: We granted to one of them two gardens of grapevines, and We bordered them with palm trees and placed between them [fields of] crops. (33) Each of the two gardens produced its fruit and did not fall short thereof in anything. And We caused to gush forth within them a river. (34) And he had fruit, so he said to his companion while he was conversing with him, "I am greater than you in wealth and mightier in [numbers of] men." (35) And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself.
وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا رَجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا * كِلْتَا الجَنَّتَيْنِ آَتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا * وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا * وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِHe said, "I do not think that this will perish - ever. (36) And I do not think the Hour will occur.
قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَنْ تَبِيدَ هَذِهِ أَبَدًا * وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً(35) And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself. He said, "I do not think that this will perish - ever. (36) And I do not think the Hour will occur. And even if I should be brought back to my Lord, I will surely find better than this as a return." (37) His companion said to him while he was conversing with him, "Have you disbelieved in He who created you from dust and then from a sperm-drop and then proportioned you [as] a man? (38) But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone. (39) And why did you, when you entered your garden, not say, 'What Allah willed [has occurred]; there is no power except in Allah '? Although you see me less than you in wealth and children, (40) It may be that my Lord will give me [something] better than your garden and will send upon it a calamity from the sky, and it will become a smooth, dusty ground, (41) Or its water will become sunken [into the earth], so you would never be able to seek it." (42) And his fruits were encompassed [by ruin], so he began to turn his hands about [in dismay] over what he had spent on it, while it had collapsed upon its trellises, and said, "Oh, I wish I had not associated with my Lord anyone."
قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَنْ تَبِيدَ هَذِهِ أَبَدًا * وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِنْ رُدِدْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا مُنْقَلَبًا * قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَكَفَرْتَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ سَوَّاكَ رَجُلًا * لَكِنَّا هُوَ اللهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا * وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللهِ إِنْ تَرَنِ أَنَا أَقَلَّ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا * فَعَسَى رَبِّي أَنْ يُؤْتِيَنِ خَيْرًا مِنْ جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهَا حُسْبَانًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا * أَوْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا فَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ لَهُ طَلَبًا * وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى مَا أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًاHave you seen the one who took his desire as his god?
أَرَأَيْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ إِلَهَهُ هَوَاهُWhoever abandons prayer has committed disbelief.
من ترك الصلاة فقد كفرWhoever abandons the prayer has committed shirk (associating partners with Allah).
من ترك الصلاة فقد أشركHe who swears by anyone or anything other than Allah, has indeed committed an act of Kufr
من حلف بغير الله فقد كفرHe who swears by anyone but Allah is polytheist.
من حلف بغير الله فقد أشرك
Source
www.al-albany.com
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.