The Difference Between Disbelief and Associating Partners with Allah
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Q: The sister N. S. 'A. from Riyadh says in her question: What is the difference between disbelief and associating partners with Allah? Please advise us, and may Allah reward you.
A: Disbelief is denying the truth and concealing it, such as the one who denies the obligation of prayer, or the obligation of alms, or the obligation of fasting in Ramadan, or the obligation of the major pilgrimage with the ability to perform it, or the obligation of dutifulness to parents, and the like of this.
And such as the one who denies the prohibition of unlawful sexual intercourse, or the prohibition of drinking intoxicants, or the prohibition of undutifulness to parents, or the like of that.
As for associating partners with Allah, it is: directing some of the worship to other than Allah, such as the one who calls for aid to the dead, or the absent, or the jinn, or the idols, or the stars, and the like of that, or slaughters for them, or vows for them. And it is called the disbeliever one who associates partners with Allah, and the one who associates partners with Allah is called a disbeliever, as Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said: : [Al-Mu'minun: 117] And He the Exalted said: [Al-Ma'idah: 72] And He the Exalted and Majestic said in Surat Fatir: [Fatir: 13 - 14] So He named their calling upon other than Allah as associating partners with Allah in this surah, and in the surah "The believers have succeeded" He named it disbelief.
And He the Exalted said in Surat al-Tawbah:[At-Tawbah 9:32] He is the One who sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even if the ones who associate partners with Allah dislike it [Al-Tawbah: 32 - 33] So He named the disbelievers with that as disbelievers and named them as those who associate partners with Allah; so that indicates that the disbeliever is called one who associates partners with Allah, and the one who associates partners with Allah is called a disbeliever, and the verses and hadiths regarding that are many.
And among that is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih Muslim 82b It was narrated by Muslim in his Sahih from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both). And his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): Sunan Ibn Majah 1079Sahih (Darussalam) It was narrated by Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah with a sound chain from Buraydah ibn al-Husayb (may Allah be pleased with him), and success is from Allah.
A: Disbelief is denying the truth and concealing it, such as the one who denies the obligation of prayer, or the obligation of alms, or the obligation of fasting in Ramadan, or the obligation of the major pilgrimage with the ability to perform it, or the obligation of dutifulness to parents, and the like of this.
And such as the one who denies the prohibition of unlawful sexual intercourse, or the prohibition of drinking intoxicants, or the prohibition of undutifulness to parents, or the like of that.
As for associating partners with Allah, it is: directing some of the worship to other than Allah, such as the one who calls for aid to the dead, or the absent, or the jinn, or the idols, or the stars, and the like of that, or slaughters for them, or vows for them. And it is called the disbeliever one who associates partners with Allah, and the one who associates partners with Allah is called a disbeliever, as Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said: :
And whoever invokes besides Allah another deity for which he has no proof - then his account is only with his Lord. Indeed, the disbelievers will not succeed.
وَمَنْ يَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ لا بُرْهَانَ لَهُ بِهِ فَإِنَّمَا حِسَابُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ إِنَّهُ لا يُفْلِحُ الْكَافِرُونَIndeed, he who associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire
إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُThat is Allah, your Lord; to Him belongs sovereignty. And those whom you invoke other than Him do not possess [as much as] the membrane of a date seed. (14) If you invoke them, they do not hear your supplication; and if they heard, they would not respond to you. And on the Day of Resurrection they will deny your association. And none can inform you like [one] Acquainted [with all matters].
ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ * إِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ لا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ وَلا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍAnd He the Exalted said in Surat al-Tawbah:
They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.
يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ And among that is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Between man and polytheism and unbelief is the abandonment of salat.
بين الرجل وبين الشرك والكفر ترك الصلاةThe covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; so whoever leaves it, he has committed Kufr.
العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفر
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.