What is the difference between al-wala' (loyalty) and al-barā' (disavowal), and is a specific person ruled to be a disbeliever in both cases?

The questioner : What is the difference between al-wala' (loyalty) and al-barā' (disavowal)? And is a specific person ruled to be a disbeliever in both cases?

The Shaykh : No, a specific person is not ruled to be a disbeliever, because disbelief, as we always and forever mention, is divided into practical disbelief and creedal disbelief. So, the one who shows loyalty to the disbelievers in practice is a sinner, whereas the one who shows loyalty to them in creed is a disbeliever.