Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Those who break the covenant of Allah after it has been made, and cut off what Allah has commanded to be joined, and who spread corruption on earth. It is they who are the losers”
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
Then Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Baqarah 2:27] [Al-Baqarah 2:27] meaning the covenant between them and Allah (Mighty and Majestic), which is belief in the messengers when they come to them with the truth. Indeed, this is required of every person when a truthful messenger comes, confirmed by the signs he brings with him. It is obligatory for every person to believe in him. These people broke the covenant of Allah and did not believe in the messengers. And they cut off what Allah has commanded to be joined. What is meant? The relatives? Or everything that Allah has commanded to be joined? The generality includes the relatives, supporting the messengers, supporting the truth, and defending the truth. Everything that we are commanded to join falls under this verse: [Al-Baqarah 2:27] [Al-Baqarah 2:27] As for corruption on earth, is the meaning here physical corruption or moral corruption? The meaning is moral corruption, and physical corruption includes moral corruption because it is aggression and injustice. However, the meaning of corruption on earth is corrupting it through sins, because sins are a cause of corruption. What is the evidence? Yes, the evidence is the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Ar-Rum 30:41] For this reason, the scholars of the Salaf said regarding His saying: [Al-A'raf 7:56] They said: corrupting it through sins, because sins are a cause for every affliction. Allah the Exalted said: [Al-A'raf 7:96] So how do they corrupt on earth? Through sins. And this corruption is moral corruption, accompanied by physical corruption. They do not take bulldozers to cut down trees and ruin crops, no, but they do what leads to that.
A nominal sentence confirmed by a confirmer. Where is it?
The student: It is the separating pronoun.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed, it is the separating pronoun, because the separating pronoun has three benefits: the first benefit is emphasis, the second benefit is restriction, and the third benefit is removing ambiguity between the attribute and the predicate. An example of this is when you say: “Zayd al-fadil” (Zayd the virtuous). The word “al-fadil” (the virtuous) could be a predicate, or it could be a description, O Ayub. So you say: “Zayd al-fadil mahbub” (Zayd the virtuous is loved). If we say “Zayd al-fadil mahbub,” it is established that it is a description. And if I say “Zayd al-fadil,” it could be a description and the predicate has not yet come, or it could be a predicate. So if I say: “Zayd huwa al-fadil” (Zayd is the virtuous), it is established that it is a predicate, yes, due to the presence of the separating pronoun. For this reason, it is called the separating pronoun. Second, it provides emphasis. You say: “Zayd huwa al-fadil” (Zayd is the virtuous), you have emphasized his virtue. And third: it provides restriction.
Now, does it have a grammatical position? The answer is no, as in the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Ash-Shu'ara 26:40] If it had a grammatical position, it would have said: “fa-hum al-ghalibun” (so they are the prevailing ones). So it does not have a grammatical position, but it is used in the Arabic style for these three benefits. And perhaps the letter lam is added to it so that adding the lam to it increases the emphasis.
And His saying: The loser is the one who missed out on the profit. And that is because these people missed out on the profit that was gained by whom? By the one who did not break the covenant of Allah after it was made, and who did not cut off what Allah has commanded to be joined.
Who break the covenant of Allah after contracting it
الذين ينقضون عهد الله من بعد ميثاقهafter contracting it
من بعد ميثاقهsever that which Allah has ordered to be joined
يقطعون ما أمر الله به أن يوصلand cause corruption on earth
ويفسدون في الأرضCorruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned
ظهر الفساد في البر والبحر بما كسبت أيدي الناسAnd cause not corruption upon the earth after its reformation
ولا تفسدوا في الأرض بعد إصلاحهاAnd if only the people of the cities had believed and feared Allah, We would have opened upon them blessings from the heaven and the earth; but they denied [the messengers], so We seized them for what they were earning."
ولو أن أهل القرى آمنوا واتقوا لفتحنا عليهم بركات من السماء والأرض ولكن كذبوا فأخذناهم بما كانوا يكسبونIt is they who are the losers
أولئك هم الخاسرونIt is they who are the losers
أولئك هم الخاسرونThe student: It is the separating pronoun.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed, it is the separating pronoun, because the separating pronoun has three benefits: the first benefit is emphasis, the second benefit is restriction, and the third benefit is removing ambiguity between the attribute and the predicate. An example of this is when you say: “Zayd al-fadil” (Zayd the virtuous). The word “al-fadil” (the virtuous) could be a predicate, or it could be a description, O Ayub. So you say: “Zayd al-fadil mahbub” (Zayd the virtuous is loved). If we say “Zayd al-fadil mahbub,” it is established that it is a description. And if I say “Zayd al-fadil,” it could be a description and the predicate has not yet come, or it could be a predicate. So if I say: “Zayd huwa al-fadil” (Zayd is the virtuous), it is established that it is a predicate, yes, due to the presence of the separating pronoun. For this reason, it is called the separating pronoun. Second, it provides emphasis. You say: “Zayd huwa al-fadil” (Zayd is the virtuous), you have emphasized his virtue. And third: it provides restriction.
Now, does it have a grammatical position? The answer is no, as in the saying of Allah the Exalted:
That we might follow the magicians if they are the predominant?"
لعلنا نتبع السحرة إن كانوا هم الغالبينIndeed, this is the clear trial
إن هذا لهو البلاء المبينAnd His saying: