Explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: "
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Chapter on the Prohibition of Undutifulness to Parents and Severing Ties of Kinship": Undutifulness to parents is with regard to the parents, and severing ties of kinship is with regard to relatives other than the parents.
Undutifulness (al-'uquq) is derived from 'aq, which means cutting. From this comes the name al-'aqiqah, which is slaughtered for a newborn on the seventh day, because it is 'aqq: meaning its neck is cut during the slaughter.
Undutifulness to parents is among the major sins, because the warning against it is established in the Book and the Sunnah, and so is severing ties of kinship.
Allah the Exalted said:[Muhammad 47:22-23]: This means that if you turn away, you will corrupt the earth and sever ties of kinship, and the curse will be due upon you, and Allah will blind your eyes. The intended meaning of "eyes" here is insight, not the sight of the eye. The meaning is that Allah the Exalted blinds the insight of the person, refuge with Allah, so that he sees falsehood as truth and truth as falsehood.
This is a punishment in the Hereafter and in this world:
As for the punishment in the Hereafter: it is His saying:[An-Nisa 4:52].
As for the punishment in this world: it is His saying:, meaning: He made their ears deaf to hearing the truth and benefiting from it, and to seeing the truth and benefiting from it.
And Allah the Exalted said:[Ar-Ra'd 13:25]: Those who break the covenant of Allah after a firm agreement, meaning: the covenant of the agreement, emphasizing it, so they break the covenant, and sever what Allah has commanded to be connected, of kinship and others, and they corrupt in the earth by the abundance of sins: [Ar-Ra'd 13:25], refuge with Allah. The curse means: being driven away and kept distant from the mercy of Allah, and the evil of the abode: meaning the evil of the outcome.
And Allah Blessed and Exalted said:[Al-Isra 17:23-24]:
So Allah commanded excellence in treating the parents, and He said: If one of them or both of them reach old age with you, meaning: either the mother or the father, or the mother and the father, and you become impatient with them, because a person when he grows old may reach senility and the decline of age, which is tiring, so He said: Even in this state, do not say to them "uff," meaning: do not say that I am annoyed with you.: at the time of speaking, [Al-Isra 17:23] meaning: pleasant and good, which brings joy to them and removes sadness and grief from them. [Al-Isra 17:24] : meaning: mercy toward them, [Al-Isra 17:24]: so you show mercy to them, and call upon Allah to have mercy on them.
This is what Allah commanded with regard to the parents in the state of old age. As for in the state of youth, the parent is generally independent of his child and does not care about him.
Then the author mentioned the hadith of Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 5976: This is among the greatest of the major sins. The first is a major sin in the right of Allah, which is associating partners with Him, and the second is in the right of those who are most deserving of guardianship and care, and they are the parents.
He said:Sahih al-Bukhari 5976: Leaning, relying on his hand, so he sat up and straightened his sitting, and said: Sahih al-Bukhari 5976.
This is also among the greatest of the major sins. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sat up at this point because its harm is great and its consequence is severe.
Speaking falsehood means: lying, and giving false testimony: the one who testifies with a lie, refuge with Allah. How cheap false testimony is today among many people. The witness thinks that he has done good to the one for whom he testified, but he has done wrong to himself, and done wrong to the one for whom he testified, and done wrong to the one against whom he testified.
As for his doing wrong to himself: it is because he committed a major sin, refuge with Allah, indeed one of the greatest of the major sins.
And as for his doing wrong to the one for whom he testified: it is because he empowered him to what he does not deserve and fed him falsehood.
And as for his doing wrong to the one against whom he testified: it is apparent, for he wronged him and encroached upon him. For this reason, giving false testimony is among the greatest of the major sins, refuge with Allah.
Do not think that if you testify for someone, you are doing him a favor. No, by Allah, you are doing him wrong. Many people today testify before the government in matters that so-and-so is so-and-so, and so-and-so is deserving, and they confuse the government. They borrow names that are not correct, all of this in order to obtain something of this world, but they have lost this world and the Hereafter with this lie, refuge with Allah.
And this hadith obliges the person of intellect to be cautious of these three, or rather four, matters: associating partners with Allah, undutifulness to parents, speaking falsehood, and giving false testimony. And success is from Allah.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Chapter on the Prohibition of Undutifulness to Parents and Severing Ties of Kinship": Undutifulness to parents is with regard to the parents, and severing ties of kinship is with regard to relatives other than the parents.
Undutifulness (al-'uquq) is derived from 'aq, which means cutting. From this comes the name al-'aqiqah, which is slaughtered for a newborn on the seventh day, because it is 'aqq: meaning its neck is cut during the slaughter.
Undutifulness to parents is among the major sins, because the warning against it is established in the Book and the Sunnah, and so is severing ties of kinship.
Allah the Exalted said:
(22) So would you perhaps, if you turned away, cause corruption on earth and sever your [ties of] relationship? (23) Those [who do so] are the ones that Allah has cursed, so He deafened them and blinded their vision.
فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَارَهُمْThis is a punishment in the Hereafter and in this world:
As for the punishment in the Hereafter: it is His saying:
Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed
أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُAs for the punishment in this world: it is His saying:
So He made them deaf.
فَأَصَمَّهُمْAnd blinded their eyes.
وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَارَهُمْAnd Allah the Exalted said:
But those who break the covenant of Allah after contracting it and sever that which Allah has ordered to be joined and spread corruption on earth - for them is the curse, and they will have the worst home.
وَالَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِfor them is the curse, and they will have the worst home.
أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَارAnd Allah Blessed and Exalted said:
and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as], "uff," and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word. (24) And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, "My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was] small."
وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَاناً إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلاهُمَا فَلا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلاً كَرِيماً وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيراًSo Allah commanded excellence in treating the parents, and He said: If one of them or both of them reach old age with you, meaning: either the mother or the father, or the mother and the father, and you become impatient with them, because a person when he grows old may reach senility and the decline of age, which is tiring, so He said: Even in this state, do not say to them "uff," meaning: do not say that I am annoyed with you.
And do not rebuke them.
وَلا تَنْهَرْهُمَاbut speak to them a noble word.
وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلاً كَرِيماًAnd lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِout of mercy
من الرحمةand say, "My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was] small."
وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيراًThis is what Allah commanded with regard to the parents in the state of old age. As for in the state of youth, the parent is generally independent of his child and does not care about him.
Then the author mentioned the hadith of Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
"Shall I not inform you of the biggest of the great sins?" We said, "Yes, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)" He said, "To join partners in worship with Allah: to be undutiful to one's parents."
ألا أنبئكم بأكبر الكبائر؟ قلنا: بلى يا رسول الله، قال: الإشراك بالله، وعقوق الوالدينHe said:
to be undutiful to one's parents." The Prophet (ﷺ) sat up after he had been reclining
وعقوق الوالدين ، وكان متكئاً فجلسI warn you against giving a forged statement and a false witness
ألا وقول الزور وشهادة الزورThis is also among the greatest of the major sins. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sat up at this point because its harm is great and its consequence is severe.
Speaking falsehood means: lying, and giving false testimony: the one who testifies with a lie, refuge with Allah. How cheap false testimony is today among many people. The witness thinks that he has done good to the one for whom he testified, but he has done wrong to himself, and done wrong to the one for whom he testified, and done wrong to the one against whom he testified.
As for his doing wrong to himself: it is because he committed a major sin, refuge with Allah, indeed one of the greatest of the major sins.
And as for his doing wrong to the one for whom he testified: it is because he empowered him to what he does not deserve and fed him falsehood.
And as for his doing wrong to the one against whom he testified: it is apparent, for he wronged him and encroached upon him. For this reason, giving false testimony is among the greatest of the major sins, refuge with Allah.
Do not think that if you testify for someone, you are doing him a favor. No, by Allah, you are doing him wrong. Many people today testify before the government in matters that so-and-so is so-and-so, and so-and-so is deserving, and they confuse the government. They borrow names that are not correct, all of this in order to obtain something of this world, but they have lost this world and the Hereafter with this lie, refuge with Allah.
And this hadith obliges the person of intellect to be cautious of these three, or rather four, matters: associating partners with Allah, undutifulness to parents, speaking falsehood, and giving false testimony. And success is from Allah.