Explanation of the Book of Foods-04b
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The reciter: Sa'id ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us, Abu Ghassan narrated to us, he said: Abu Hazim narrated to me from Ibrahim ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Rabi'ah from Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: Sahih al-Bukhari 5443 'Aruwish and 'arish are structures, and Ibn 'Abbas said: "Ma'arushat are the trellises of vines and other things; it is said: 'Aruwishatuhā abnāyātuhā' (their trellises are their structures)." Muhammad ibn Yusuf said: Abu Ja'far said: Muhammad ibn Isma'il said: "Fakhalā" is not defined for me, then he said: "Fajallā" is without doubt.
The Shaykh : The words in the hadith: In this hadith, there is a sign of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) prophethood. It also contains the permissibility of advancing money for fruit. The meaning of advancing money for fruit is that I give a person dirhams for dates on credit, meaning the price is paid in advance and the item is delivered later. Most dealings with debts are the opposite, meaning the price is usually deferred and the item is delivered in advance. But sometimes the matter is the opposite: a man needs dirhams, so he takes dirhams from a person for a deferred price, for one year, two years, or three years, as in the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:Mishkat al-Masabih 2883 This contains a benefit for the one who benefits from the dirhams and for the one who provided the dirhams, because it is known that the one who provided the dirhams will take this food from fruit or otherwise for less than its current price. If the sa' is for one dirham, he takes it for one dirham minus a little, because the immediate item is not like the deferred item. This Jewish man had advanced money for dates until the harvest, but in one of the years, the dates were not abundant, so he asked to be given time, but he refused. Then he came and informed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to this orchard, hoping to ask the Jew to wait, but the Jew refused to wait until the story you heard occurred. So let us start from the beginning.
There was a Jew in Medina who used to lend me money up to the season of plucking dates. (Jabir had a piece of land which was on the way to Ruma). That year the land was not promising, so the payment of the debt was delayed one year. The Jew came to me at the time of plucking, but gathered nothing from my land. I asked him to give me one year respite, but he refused. This news reached the Prophet (ﷺ) whereupon he said to his companions, "Let us go and ask the Jew for respite for Jabir." All of them came to me in my garden, and the Prophet (ﷺ) started speaking to the Jew, but he Jew said, "O Abu Qasim! I will not grant him respite." When the Prophet (ﷺ) saw the Jew's attitude, he stood up and walked all around the garden and came again and talked to the Jew, but the Jew refused his request. I got up and brought some ripe fresh dates and put it in front of the Prophet. He ate and then said to me, "Where is your hut, O Jabir?" I informed him, and he said, "Spread out a bed for me in it." I spread out a bed, and he entered and slept. When he woke up, I brought some dates to him again and he ate of it and then got up and talked to the Jew again, but the Jew again refused his request. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) got up for the second time amidst the palm trees loaded with fresh dates, and said, "O Jabir! Pluck dates to repay your debt." The Jew remained with me while I was plucking the dates, till I paid him all his right, yet there remained extra quantity of dates. So I went out and proceeded till I reached the Prophet and informed him of the good news, whereupon he said, "I testify that I am Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)."
كان بالمدينة يهودي وكان يسلفني في تمري إلى الجداد وكانت لجابر الأرض التي بطريق رومة فجلست فخلا عامًا فجاءني اليهودي عند الجداد ولم أجد منها شيئًا فجعلت أستنظره إلى قابل فيأبى فأخبر بذلك النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال لأصحابه : امشوا نستنظر لجابر من اليهودي فجاؤوني في نخلي فجعل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يكلم اليهودي فيقول أبا القاسم لا أنظره فلما رأى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قام فطاف في النخل ثم جاءه فكلمه فأبى فقمت فجئت بقليل رطب فوضعته بين يدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فأكل ثم قال : أين عريشك يا جابر فأخبرته فقال : افرش لي فيه ففرشته فدخل فرقد ثم استيقظ فجئته بقبضة أخرى فأكل منها ثم قام فكلم اليهودي فأبى عليه فقام في الرطاب في النخل الثانية ثم قال : يا جابر جد واقض فوقف في الجداد فجددت منها ما قضيته وفضل منه فخرجت حتى جئت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فبشرته فقال : أشهد أني رسول اللهThe Shaykh : The words in the hadith: In this hadith, there is a sign of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) prophethood. It also contains the permissibility of advancing money for fruit. The meaning of advancing money for fruit is that I give a person dirhams for dates on credit, meaning the price is paid in advance and the item is delivered later. Most dealings with debts are the opposite, meaning the price is usually deferred and the item is delivered in advance. But sometimes the matter is the opposite: a man needs dirhams, so he takes dirhams from a person for a deferred price, for one year, two years, or three years, as in the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: