Explanation of the Book of Inheritance, Fixed Punishments, and Blood Money-09a
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The reciter: Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us, 'Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us, al-Shaybani narrated to us: Sahih al-Bukhari 6840 'Ali ibn Miskhar, Khalid ibn 'Abd Allah, al-Muharibi, and 'Ubaydah ibn Humayd followed him from al-Shaybani. Some of them said: al-Ma'idah, and the first is more correct.
The Shaykh : Yes, the first is more correct. Regarding the rulings of the People of the Covenant, first we must know who the People of the Covenant are. The word "covenant" (dhimmah) originally means a pledge. By the People of the Covenant, we mean those who reside in our lands on the condition that they pay the jizyah to us. These people have a pledge that we will not aggress against them and that we will protect them from anyone who aggresses against them. In return, they must pay the jizyah and submit to the rulings of Islam outwardly. As for inwardly, in their homes, they follow their own rulings. However, outwardly, they must submit to the rulings of Islam and not aggress against any of the Muslims. If they do anything that contradicts the covenant, their pledge is broken and they become enemies. These are the People of the Covenant. So, who are the People of the Covenant, my brother?
The student: They are those who reside in our lands, there is a covenant between us and them, and we take the jizyah from them.
The Shaykh : And we take the jizyah from them on the condition that we protect them with it from aggression against them, and we protect their honor and their wealth.
The questioner : But the People of the Book, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : The correct view is that it includes the People of the Book and those other than the People of the Book. The school of thought holds that it is only the People of the Book and the Majus, three groups: the Jews, the Christians, and the Majus. And the correct view is the general one.
I asked `Abdullah bin Abi `Aufa about the Rajam (stoning somebody to death for committing illegal sexual intercourse). He replied, "The Prophet (ﷺ) carried out the penalty of Rajam," I asked, "Was that before or after the revelation of Surat-an-Nur?" He replied, "I do not know."
سألت عبد الله بن أبي أوفى، عن الرجم فقال : رجم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقلت : أقبل النور أم بعده ؟ قال : لا أدريThe Shaykh : Yes, the first is more correct. Regarding the rulings of the People of the Covenant, first we must know who the People of the Covenant are. The word "covenant" (dhimmah) originally means a pledge. By the People of the Covenant, we mean those who reside in our lands on the condition that they pay the jizyah to us. These people have a pledge that we will not aggress against them and that we will protect them from anyone who aggresses against them. In return, they must pay the jizyah and submit to the rulings of Islam outwardly. As for inwardly, in their homes, they follow their own rulings. However, outwardly, they must submit to the rulings of Islam and not aggress against any of the Muslims. If they do anything that contradicts the covenant, their pledge is broken and they become enemies. These are the People of the Covenant. So, who are the People of the Covenant, my brother?
The student: They are those who reside in our lands, there is a covenant between us and them, and we take the jizyah from them.
The Shaykh : And we take the jizyah from them on the condition that we protect them with it from aggression against them, and we protect their honor and their wealth.
The questioner : But the People of the Book, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : The correct view is that it includes the People of the Book and those other than the People of the Book. The school of thought holds that it is only the People of the Book and the Majus, three groups: the Jews, the Christians, and the Majus. And the correct view is the general one.